Miscellaneous Critics on Waiting for Godot :: Waiting Godot Essays

Nothingness â€Å"Accordingly, any interpretation that purports to know who Godot is (or is not), whether he exists whether he will ever come, whether he has ever come, or even whether he may have come without being recognized (or possibly in disguise) is, if not demonstrably wrong, at least not demonstrably right† (Hutchings 27). â€Å"Although works of the theater of the absurd, particularly Beckett’s, are often comical, their underlying premises are wholly serious: the epistemological principle of uncertainty and the inability in the modern age to find a coherent system of meaning, order, or purpose by which to understand our existence and by which to live† (Hutchings 28). Godot’s characters do not despair in the face of their situation, and this â€Å"perseverance remains constant throughout a body of work that, in the words of the citation awarding Beckett the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1969 had ‘transmuted the destitution of modern man into his exaltation’ (qtd. in Bair 606)† (Hutchings 30). â€Å"Many relate the play to existentialism†¦:God is dead, life is absurd, existence precedes essence, ennui is endemic to the human condition†¦In many ways, such a reading is an evasion of the play’s complexity, a way of putting to rest the uncertainty of one’s response to it† (Collins 33). The reader, like modern man, must not give into â€Å"the arrogant presumption of certitude or the debilitating despair of skepticism,† but instead must â€Å"live in uncertainty, poised, by the conditions of our humanity and of the world in which we live, between certitude and skepticism, between presumption and despair â€Å"(Collins 36). Tragicomedy is life enhancing because it tries to â€Å"remind the audience of the real need to face existence ‘knowing the worst,’ which ultimately is liberation, with courage and humility of not taking oneself or one’s own pain too seriously, and to bear all life’s mysteries and uncertainties; and thus to make the most of what we have rather than to hanker after illusory certainties and rewards† (Esslin, Theater 47). â€Å"Act II. The next day. But is it really the next day? Or after? Or before?† (Esslin, Presence 109). Many details point out the absence of (meaninglessness of) traditional time, which is just one of many ways that the play resists interpretation and meaning: â€Å"People misunderstand it on all sides, just as everyone does his own sorrow. Explanations flow in from all quarters, each more pointless than the last† (Esslin, Presence 110). Some of the many attempts to impose meaning on the play include

To What Extent Was Jacksonian Democracy Democratic? Essays -- History

To What Extent Was Jacksonian Democracy Democratic?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the administration of Andrew Jackson, the United States was a nation of change both politically and socially. American society was a society of opportunity. Americans felt that, given a chance, they could make a better life for themselves. This was the era of the common people, the era of democracy. Andrew Jackson appealed to the American people because he stood for values many regarded with favor. However democratic Jackson may seem, he was more tyrant-like than any of his predecessors. His major offerings to the nation included majority rule and a popular presidency, however offered no benefits to women, African Americans, nor Native Americans. Jacksonian Democracy was in no way democratic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before Jackson's time, voters expected public officials to use their own best judgment in electing. Under Jacksonian Democracy, the people came to believe that officials should act according to the demands of the people. To make government respond more directly to the popular will, state and local governments began to fill some positions such as judges, constables, and public surveyors by election rather than appointment. The terms of office were also shortened so that popular opinion had a more direct effect on the actions of elected officials. Thus, the government under Jackson became the people's government, although he retained a tight grasp, using his veto often.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As new voters made demands on government, they learned the power of political organization. National issues became as much topics of conversation as local issues had always been. As national parties built stronger state and local ties, they began to rely upon a growing number of "professional politicians." These changes helped to initiate the spoils system. This practice of appointing people to government positions based on party loyalty and party service was not an entirely new development, but Jackson was the first to oust large numbers of government employees in order to appoint his followers to office. He argued that there should be a rotation in office. Some believed that the spoils system set a poor precedent. Jackson amplified presidential power by using the veto more than all previous presidents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the "Women's Rights" issue, Jacksonian Democracy did nothing to further the female cause. Only in sparse st... ...ur government was built, the Constitution. He completely disregarded Marshall’s decree and sent the army in to force the Indians from their native homes in Georgia. This disgusting display of the broad sword of government is a disgrace to our nation’s legacy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tocqueville, a foreigner, came to the United States to study American prison reform, but was so disgusted with the way our society was and how our government functioned under Jackson that he changed the focus of his study to an analysis of democracy. He saw democracy by our example as â€Å"far from accomplishing all it projects with skill† and that â€Å"Democracy does not give people the most skillful government.† Jackson’s example of democracy was horrible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jacksonian Democracy seems to be a zeugma, two contrasting things put together to make a comparison. Andrew Jackson never had any intention of broadening our democracy, only to make his ends meet. Through the way he treated Native Americans, African Americans, women, and many other minority groups, Jackson showed his ignorance in fulfilling one of the most pressing tasks of the president, to represent the people. To no extent was Jacksonian Democracy democratic.

French company Essay

In October, a French company (seller) and a Shanghai company (buyer) have set up a contract of selling 200 sets of electronic computers (1000 USD each), and the payment shall be made according to the irrecoverable letter of credit. And the delivery should be made on December at Port de Marseille. On November 15, Bank of China Shanghai Branch (issuing bank) made a $ 200,000 irrevocable letter of credit according to the instruction of the buyer and commissioned a French bank in Marseille to notify and negotiate this letter of credit. On December 20, the seller loaded the 200 computers on board and got the bill of lading, insurance policies, invoices and other documents as required by the letter of credit. And then it went to the Marseille bank for negotiation. Upon review, the documents are consistent; therefore the bank had paid $ 200,000 immediately to the seller. At the same time, 10 days the cargo ship left the harbor of Marseilles, the cargo, along with all the goods, sank into the sea in a heavy storm. By that time the issuing bank had received the whole set of the documents and the buyer had already known the total loss of the goods. Bank of China Shanghai Branch intends to reimburse the negotiating bank to pay the purchase price of $ 200,000 on the grounds that its customers can not expect the goods. In accordance with international trade practices, the following questions are asked: When would the risk of the consignment be transferred from the seller to the buyer ? Whether Issuing bank would exempted from the payment obligations due to the total loss of the goods, If so, on what basis? How to compensate the loss of the buyer? Case Study 1. The Risk shall be transferred from the seller to the buyer since the goods were loaded on board at the port of shipment. 2. The issuing bank has no right to refuse payment. According to the International Chamber of Commerce Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, the letter of credit transactions are independent from the sales contract. And the Bank is only responsible for document examination. As long as the documents are in line with the terms of the credit, the banks are required to assume its payment obligations. 3. The buyer could claim compensation from the Seller’s insurance company with other relevant insurance documents and proof of the sinkage of the cargo ship. I. Time context: * In October, a French company (seller) and a Shanghai company (buyer) have set up a contract of selling 200 sets of electronic computers (1000 USD each. And the delivery should be made on December at Port de Marseille. * This transaction is only made for 2 months consisting of its selling contracts and delivery. * On November 15, Bank of China Shanghai Branch (issuing bank) made a $ 200,000 irrevocable letter of credit according to the instruction of the buyer and commissioned a French bank in Marseille to notify and negotiate this letter of credit. * November 15 is the start of Bank of China Shanghai Branch issuing the Letter of Credit to the French bank. * On December 20, the seller loaded the 200 computers on board and got the bill of lading, insurance policies, invoices and other documents as required by the letter of credit. And then it went to the Marseille bank for negotiation. * December 20, start of complying all the requirements and documents needed in Letter of Credit. * At the same time, 10 days the cargo ship left the harbor of Marseilles, the cargo, along with all the goods, sank into the sea in a heavy storm. * This is the last event happened and the cargo didn’t delivered as what the buyer expects. II. Viewpoint: We should consider this problem from the viewpoint of the French company, they are liable for negligence because from the very start they didn’t ensured the possible factors may arise when delivering. They must always contemplate selecting a good transportation carrier, the weather conditions, customs clearance, reliability and etc. The French company must fix all this difficulties so that they can still maintain a good and harmonious relationship once the Shanghai Company made a second transaction with them, and must comply with the party’s agreement. III. Related Facts: * Irrevocable Letter Of Credit – ILOC Correspondence issued by a bank guaranteeing payment for goods and services purchased by the one requesting the letter. An irrevocable letter of credit, or ILOC, cannot be canceled or modified in any way without explicit consent by the affected parties involved. For example, the issuing bank has no power to change the terms of an ILOC simply because the letter requester is having second thoughts. It should be noted, however, that ILOCs are in effect only for a specified time period and do, in fact, expire at a pre-determined point. * Bill of Lading A legal document between the shipper of a particular good and the carrier detailing the type, quantity and destination of the good being carried. The bill of lading also serves as a receipt of shipment when the good is delivered to the predetermined destination. This document must accompany the shipped goods, no matter the form of transportation, and must be signed by an authorized representative from the carrier, shipper and receiver. * Insurance Policies A contract (policy) in which an individual or entity receives financial protection or reimbursement against losses from an insurance company. The company pools clients’ risks to make payments more affordable for the insured. * Invoice It is a detailed bill left by vendors and outside suppliers for goods or services rendered to a company. Typically, it lists the quantity of each item, prices, billable hours, a service description, and a contact address for payment. While some expenses may be paid out of a general fund or petty cash account, an invoice is usually paid through an payable department by the posted due date. * Letter of credit A letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer’s payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase, the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. * Issuing Bank A bank that writes a letter of credit, especially on behalf of an exporter. The issuing bank operates in the country of the importer, and facilitates trade between the importer and exporter by providing credit for the transaction. It is also called an opening bank. * Seller The seller or salesperson – the provider of the goods or services – completes a sale in response to an acquisition or to an appropriation or to a request. * Buyer A â€Å"buyer† or merchandiser is a person who purchases finished goods, typically for resale, for a firm, government, or organization. (A person who purchases material used to make goods is sometimes called a purchasing agent.) IV. Statement of the Problem: * When would the risk of the consignment be transferred from the seller to the buyer ? * Whether Issuing bank would exempted from the payment obligations due to the total loss of the goods, If so, on what basis? * How to compensate the loss of the buyer? V. General Objectives: 1. For the French company to cope with the problems arise during the delivery of the goods. 2. To identify French company’s acquired big loss and how they can replace the goods. VI. Specific objectives: 1. Both parties should know the consequences of their agreement once it is not delivered properly. 2. To identify and analyze well the mistake of French company. 3. The Shanghai bank must be capable of reimbursing the negotiating bank. VII. Alternative Causes of Action: Action no. 1: The buyer should’ve complied with the insurance company of the seller immediately after the event happened Give 3 advantages for action 1: 1. Risk Cover 2. Protection against rising goods expenses 3. Future helps Give 3 disadvantages: 1. Pay commission for the agent 2. You can only use insurance if you gain loss. 3. It costs money Action no. 2: The seller shall have alternative service delivery. Give 3 advantages for action 1: 1. To have a substitute method once the delivery didn’t work as it is. 2. To avoid wasting of time and reach the due time. 3. Greater security Give 3 disadvantages: 1. It will cost much for one party. 2. It will enable company to have more data to encode. 3. Lower profit. Action no. 3: Made used of LC instead of Irrevocable LC Give 3 advantages for action 1: 1. Can be canceled or modified in any way without explicit consent by the affected parties involved. 2. Guaranteed payment upon presentation of the documents specified in the terms of the letter of credit. 3. The buyer cannot refuse to pay due to a complaint about the goods. Give 3 disadvantages: 1. Subject to the financial strength and stability of the Issuing bank 2. More expensive than other methods of payment 3. Requires a high level of expertise to successfully navigate the process Findings: It is apparent from the case that the seller is the most problematic party of all because they hold the big loss on goods, at the same time they made the wrong choice of method for delivering goods which subjected to higher cost. Recommendation: The French company must improve their facilities so that when the calamity strikes again there is a high probability that they will carry through. And don’t forget to approach the shanghai company that the cargos will be arrived to them late. Continue to explore better ways of integrating technology into instruction on a daily basis, including providing training and support for the company. Conclusions: This paper has given an account of and the reasons for the agreement between French company and Shanghai Company to be deliberate. The seller must be liable for any damages happened within the incident while the buyer is secured by insurance company for what they lost, especially their money. No one was to blame for that scenario, each party just did what is supposed to do and it is only due by nature that’s why it is wrecked. Action plans: They must design and implement assessment and differentiated instructional strategies that enable the company to achieve competency and right decision-making. They must also focus on the second action: Made used of LC instead of Irrevocable LC because it is the most important, it carries the whole transaction and will make the agreement more clarified. S.M.A.R.T. (The company must possess this 5 skills) S = Specific: an objective should be precise and should focus on a single result. A specific objective answers the questions, â€Å"who, what, where, and how?† M = Measurable: an objective should include specific criteria or measures that indicate whether the objective has been met. A good measure answers the question, â€Å"How will we know if we have accomplished the objective?† A = Achievable: an objective should be attainable and within the center’s or program’s reach. R = Realistic: an objective should be realizable given the time, resources, and activities proposed and available. T = Time-bound: an objective should include the date it will be started and the date the center expects to complete it.

Four Seasons Goes To Paris Essay

One of the worlds leading operator of luxury hotels in business for the last thirty years Four Seasons is successful due to exceptional personal customer service, adhering to standards, at the same time adopting to local customs and blending with the environment. While staying at Four Seasons guests can be assured they will get individual personal attention and exceptional service with no excuses whatsoever. At Four Seasons the hotel makes sure that the guest is comfortable and goes way out of the normal to do what the guest wants even if they have to bend the rules. The Four Seasons Hotel adheres firmly to its standards, according to the hotel management its standards are the foundations for all its properties, and every manager in the hotel has a clear perception of what the standards are, and they adhere to them, over a period of time these standards shape relationships between people and these relationships contribute in building a culture. The hotel has the policy that each individual property should blend with the environment, like if the property is in Chicago when a guest wakes up he should feel that he is Chicago, if the hotel is in Paris and the guest wakes up he should feel he is in Paris. In blending with the environment it still adheres to its standards of individual personal attention, prompt and exceptional service. Strong corporate culture with top management being in the firm for long time 25 + years, corporate and field managers thinking of themselves as part of a  family and treating each others as their own has been a big factor in the hotel’s success. The has a human resource Golden Rule which stipulates that â€Å"One should treat others the way they wanted to be treated themselves†. The firm believes in the fact that people make the strength of the company, the basic human needs stays the same all over the globe, people need respect, care, thoughtfulness. When the firm takes care of its employees as its own the employees takes care of the firm in return. An example of how this golden rule is implemented is the hotel provides the employee with several uniforms and there is nothing saying that they should change it once per day or at some specific time whenever they feel dirty they can change their uniforms, at the end it goes to their dignity almost no one feels comfortable in dirty clothes. Four Seasons has enough properties across the globe and has enough experience and expertise from different areas of this world with diverse cultures that its managers claim that they can go to any city or town and pull people who can follow its mission to provide the best luxury class environment for its guest. It says that even tough the culture and environment is really different but the process of opening a new property is exactly the same everywhere. With all these claim entering into business in France was a big challenge for the four seasons, they had to adhere to the American building code, adhere to the French laws for building and of the work force , modify the property to meet all these requirements and at the same time maintain the French George V look. The way four seasons entered the French market is one of the best ways to do business a business should adopt to the local cultures and blend in the environment, people are generally not that much in favor of a change and if  you blend with the local environment the local community will adapt to the new business in the area and things will go smooth. The hired a French interior designer whose policy was to make the guest rediscover the hotel and make them feel how much better the new redesigned place was. They had issues in adhering to the French labor laws. It’s a country with strong unions in short lots was different in what goes on in US so the firm had to change its way of working. In France they have an emotional way of doing things, the French did not take the company’s golden rule seriously they thought it was too American. They had an incredible pride in being French. The good thing about French is they can be very joyous and encouraging but at the same time French Temper also lashes out. It all ended up to how the four seasons came in to France was almost as important in what Four Seasons did. I would say they way they entered the French market was good but it required a great deal of tact and judgment. The way four seasons done business across the globe according to the policy of Diversity and Strength their belief in diversity and singularity should be a guide to any business entering the global market. Look at the case of McDonald its almost uniform and unique all over the world, now in its vision this mite be the good thing about it but people are generally not that easy to adopt to new tastes, if a community favors more spicy food then for starters they mite visit a McDonald restaurant for a change but in the long run they mite avoid it. Same goes if it sells food that is not consumed in that community no one is going to buy it.

Car sales Solution Essay

My task is to imagine my friend is setting up a car locating business and wants to install a computer system. The system must have the power to store different car information and have the function to search for desired car information be stored and searched for easily .The system must also be easy to use and I have been asked to find a solution to carry this out. Two ways that I could solve the problem is by (1). Putting the information in a table using Microsoft Word, information would be easy to store, but a disadvantage would be that it is, hard and time consuming to search for a desired car. Another way would be storing the information in Microsoft Access. Microsoft Access is a program that contains databases. I think this would be the most efficient method to solve the problem, because information could be stored and searched for easily, using fields. To do this you need to use a query. Firstly you must make a query table, to it you need to add as many field options as you need such as type model, below each field type what you are looking. Save the table, open it and you should have some results. The car data type I need to put into the databases to solve the problem are Model, Make, Year, Type, Mileage, Mot, Colour, Extra features and history of owners. These will become the titles of the fields (fields are the tables in which you add all the information in the databases. I need to collect each of these items of data because this will give easy access to search for the customers desired feature of a car. For example if a customer wanted a red car I could just type red next to colour when searching. I have designed a data capture form, which shows all the details of a certain car. The car information I have entered comes from an ad in the local paper Herald and Post. The car information is taken from a Stanground Autos ad. I have decided to create a way of validating data. The data type that needed validating was Mileage and Price. For the Price field the validation rule is; >0 and 0 and

Sellers Remedies for Breach of Contract by a Buyer Essay

Sellers Remedies for Breach of Contract by a Buyer - Essay Example The aim of the paper is to analyze the adequacies of the remedies available to a seller in the event of the breach of contract by a buyer. B. Remedies Available To the Seller in Case a Buyer Breaches Contract Any breach of a valid and binding contract gives the aggrieved party the right to sue for damages from the party that has breached the contract4. The English law of contract provides certain remedies to an aggrieved seller whose contract has been breached by a buyer as noted by Whincup5. It is worth noting that unlike buyer’s remedies that are dependent on the acceptance of an offer, seller’s remedies for breach of contract does not depend on the acceptance of the contract6. According to Rowan, regardless of whether the buyer has accepted the goods or not, a breach of the contract entered into with the seller gives the seller the right to sue for incidental damages or sue the buyer for fraud or third-party tort in case the seller still has an interest in the goods7 . The law of contract states that in the event that a buyer wrongfully revokes acceptance, rejects goods, or refuses to pay the amount due in respect of the goods before delivery, the seller is entitled by law to withhold the goods until the buyer pays the total amount due as agreed in the contract. Secondly, the seller also has the right under the law to stop delivery of the goods by any bailee or resell the goods to recover the damages. The law also permits the seller to recover damages from the buyer for non-acceptance of the goods or a price in some cases8. In addition, the seller is also allowed by law to cancel the contract altogether after giving the buyer in breach a notice and after allowing them more time to make up for their breach according to Article 64(1)(b) and Article 63(1) of the CISG9. 1 Seller’s Right to Damages The seller can claim damages from the buyer as long as they result from a breach of contract and the damages are not too remote according to Articl e 61(1)(b) of the CISG10. Essentially, the damages that the buyer pays the seller is aimed at putting the seller in the position he/she would otherwise have been had the contract well performed (Robinson v Harman [1848]) 11. Hadley v Baxendale ([1854]) 12 present the principles of remoteness in respect of damages. For damages to be applied to a party in breach of contract, the losses that the aggrieved party suffers must naturally flow from the breach. Alternatively, the losses that arise from possible breach of contract must have been contemplated by the parties to the contract. Some specific types of contracts are subject to legislation that prescribe remedies in the event a party breaches the contract. A contract that involves the sale of goods, for example, allows a party to recover special damages in line with section 54 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 (SGA). A seller can claim compensation for reliance loss in case it is not easy to prove loss of expectation (Anglia TV v Reed [1 972])13. As exemplified in Jarvis v Swans Tours Ltd [1973]14and Jackson v Horizon Holidays  [1975]15, a seller can successfully claim damages for mental distress or disappointment in case the contract is, for example, a holiday contract.  

The Impact of Sports Celebrity Advertising On 18-24 Year Old Males in Dissertation

The Impact of Sports Celebrity Advertising On 18-24 Year Old Males in London - Dissertation Example games; the ruining of the representation of sports celebrities as a result of current public cases relating recognized sports stars for example, Allen Iverson, Mike Tyson, Latrell Sprewell, and the substantial advertising finances that are generally assigned to this venture. I will start by presenting a comprehensive survey on celebrity endorsements and by discovering appropriate theories. I will then focus my assumptions to experimental analysis. Furthermore I will present the effects and examine their inferences for marketing executives and examiners in advertising, as well as try considering possible upcoming research trends. This study observes whether customers understand that celebrity endorsers are fond of the commodities they approve, and presents a form using these and other features of the endorser to foresee thoughts toward the endorsed creation. Way of feelings towards the advertisement the endorser and the good were also considered. The model specified that product attitudes were forecasted by conjectures about the endorser's liking for the creation and by approaches toward the one who endorse. This research was performed at university and Harrow town centre of UK using a variety of searching techniques incorporating focus crowds and an analysis of males whose ages were between 18 to 24 years. It was intended to address a chain of research queries associated to the connection between 18-24 years young men and icon-person advertisement. Introduction Whilst the celebrity is typically a complete stranger, and someone one is never prone to neither meet, nor ever truly familiar with, the virtual imminence created between celebrity and audience often has very real effects on the behaviour in which individuals discuss the experience of their everyday lives.... In this analysis there are three variables, the age of respondents, their interest in football and their liking of sports celebrity advertisements, the research gives us the conclusion that the males of 20 to 22 years are more interested in playing football and as the age becomes more than 22 the interest in football gradually becomes less. The high expenditures related to brand marketing make it essential that presenting memos successfully raise customers' attention towards the product. By means of that thought in mind, studies that observe features of advertisements that create them powerful are in particular important. The current researchers represent an initial step in classifying what makes endorsement advertisements valuable based upon work in provenance theory inside public psychology. The results put forward that endorsement-advertising success can be strongly influenced by customers' implications regarding whether the endorser, in fact, prefers the product. Advertisers, in contrast, sometimes appear to be content with simply producing a celebrity between an admired supporter and their product with the anticipation that the endorser's constructive figure will by some means "rub off" on the item. Individuals who pursue British football very frequently, repeatedly, and at times are more disposed to be influenced by David Beckham's endorsement than those who go after every other year. From this result, one can conclude that celebrity advert is most of the use when 18-24 years old males have the chance to intermingle with the celebrity.