The Second Republic and Its Fall Essays -- Nigeria Federal Government

The Second republic and Its FallOne of many overleap that Nigeria had to overcome in the tackle to return to civilian rule, and then to have much(prenominal) a parvenu system entrenched, was the fact that competitive politics support recourse to sectional identification. On the one hand, there is need for a understanding of the nature of the dynamics of Nigerian society, especially with regard to the phenomenon of ethnicity. On the another(prenominal) hand, the theoretical formulations which already exist concerning the nature of politics in segmented societies must be confronted so that a closer approximation between such themes and the sociopolitical realities of Nigeria can be achieved (Joseph, 198743).The American-style constitution of the second Republic (1979-1983) was designed for Nigerians type of democracy where natural affairs rather than state are promoted to avoid the course of British parliamentary system where the winner-takes-all pattern. The parties in America conform to the Constitution due to their disciplinary disposition. In Nigeria, political parties were following the British style of politics, where dispersal of revenues among the politician and their clients at national, state and local takes, are the order of the day (Shehu, et al 199934). Bitter conflicts abounded within the political parties in both states and the federal level over the distribution of the spoils hence, the inability of the politicals to manage the conflicts led to the demise of the democratic government in the Second Republic and the return of the military government.In the schedule of transition to the Second Republic, the military leaders primary concern was to prevent the recurrence of the mistakes of the First Republic. They believed that if the structures and processed of government and politics that had proved inappropriate in the First Republic could be changed, a stable and effective civilian government was therefore designed to address those fundam ental issues, which were historically divisive, and to establish new political institutions, processes, and orientations. The second aspect of the transition involved the making of a new constitution and appropriate institutions. Decree number 25 of 1978 enacted the 1977 Constitution. It differed from the First Republic in 1963, in that, it introduced a United States type presidential system (Nwoked, 19973). Previo... ...so was the decline in GDP by and estimated 10 percent. The repressive strategy of Buharis military further engendered deep resentment and bitterness among the people who feel that they had been denied of their personal freedom. In addition, according to Othman, the military government was increasingly driven by dissension over strategies of economic management, the detention and trials of political detainees and the rising power of Brigadier Tunde Idiagbon, the Chief of staff, supreme headquarters, and the driving force behind the regimes authoritarian policies , and of the Nigerian Security Organization (NSO) (Othman, 199940). Two factors were instrumental to the final demise of the military regime one was the risking of what Diamond called political convulsion, an attempt to impose a monolithic order on Nigerias vigorously polaristic society (Diamond, 1999443). The second factor was the regimes declaration in July, 1985, of their conception or plan to return Nigeria to Civilian rule. These actions further isolated Buhari and Idiagbon from their military colleagues , including their arrogance in ignoring critical opinion even among its senior military ranks.

A Formalistic Analysis of The Fatal Sisters Essay -- The Fatal Sisters

A Formalistic Analysis of The lethal Sisters In The Fatal Sisters Thomas Gray has created a monologue expectant with references to history, geography, and mythology. These reappearing references and allusions enrich the text, as they allow a closer look at the political situation surrounding eleventh century Britain. The poems sixteen stanzas exhibit an ABAB frost scheme, which provides for systematic organization and positive aesthetic effects. Closer examination of the setting, tone, and imagery of the poem permits insight into the texts content and artistic genius. The setting for The Fatal Sisters is an eleventh century, war-ridden Ireland. The nations fate appears to rest upon the shoulders of a few bloodthirsty monarchs who are entangled in a never-ending conflict. Their wide armies wage battle after battle and therefore tint Britains outlook upon society and its future. It is at such a troublesome time that twelve mysterious women are observed to weave the web of war and i n such a way create the future of their nation. This very day is ironically...

God I Hate... :: essays research papers

divinity I HateGod, I hate getting up this early. But I entirely got three months left then Ill never have to get up early again. Three more months and this time I graduate. Dads doing pretty soundly on the railroad job at once. Hasnt been laid off for a couple of years now. David is doing good in the Navy, and my future at Taco ships bell is almost a guarantee. jadet know why this diploma shit is so important to every angiotensin-converting enzyme, Im making 165.00 a hebdomad now and Im only 18 Thats better than some factories and I dont work as hard as they do. If I wasnt going to this dumbass high school everyday Ill bet I could make 200 or blush 225 dollars a week. Theyd let me work. Im the best employee they got. Someday Ill own Taco Bell.Okay Okay Im up damn it I yell at Mom as I stare at the clock. Jesus She didnt graduate, and she did okay. If she only knew how badly I hated that place nil was the same as it was when I was a kid. Teachers taught for the money. They dont give a damn about us at all. Suddenly all the guys Id grown up with were black. That means they cant be seen hanging with me because Im now white bread. Dont remember it bothering them when Id spend the night at their house or theyd stay over at mine. Now Im part of the race that owned and sold them. Go figure. I never owned a slave. Near as I could tell, no one in my families past had ever owned one either. Oh well, timed to get ready. School starts in 30 minutes. Mom is already to take me. I cogitate she gets off pissing me off. Was I supposed to do some homework for today? Oh well, tough shit. Theyll get it when I give it to them. Now where are my jeans? God its cold I hate mornings. I hate school. I hate the teachers. I hate most of the students. Why did I ever go back up? Mom is taking me to school in her bathrobe again Now aint that a cool look Dingy pink nylon. Oh God She even has the fuzzy pink slipper on Oh this is a lovely sight. Pulling up to Marion High in a 1972 Ford station wagon dictated by a crazy woman dressed in a nightgown and slippers And pink, raggedy ones at that Dad could get a better car now but will he?

Inhalants: A Cheap, Easy and Deadly High Essay -- Inhalant Abuse

Hundreds of household products are being misused as inhalants. Some of these products include nail polish remover, hair spray, cleaning fluids, spray paint, and the propellant in aerosol whipped cream (Inhalants, 2010). Inhalants are breathable chemical vapors that users intentionally inhale because of the chemicals mind-altering effects (National Institute on medicine Abuse NIDA, 2010). The trend in inhalant abuse is growing among the young community throughout the country. Surveys have shown in 2008 2 million Americans of 12 or over reported using inhalants (NIDA, 2010). Young children from the age of 12 to 17 are the primary age group of abusers (National do drugs Intelligence Center NDIC, 2001). The numbers game reflect that it is becoming more popular for young America to abuse the various inhalants available to them without realizing the short term and long term effects of the drug.Inhalants practise in many different shapes and sizes. Each inhalant falls into one of four g eneral categories for the substances. Liquids that are vaporized at room temperature if left in unsealed containers are considered volatile solvents. Gasoline, nail polish remover, felt-tip markers, and glue contain volatile solvents. Sprays that contain propellants and solvents fall under the aerosol category. Paint, deodorant, cooking products, and silver and opulent spray paint are familiar aerosols. Substances that lack definite shape or volume such as refrigerants and medical anesthetics are gases. Nitrous oxide, similarly known as laughing gas, is abused more often than any gas. It can be obtained from whipped cream dispensers, products that boost octane levels in racing cars, balloons, or scurvy sealed vials called whippets. Gases found in butane lighters, air c... ...alize that abusing inhalants causes serious effects. Not only does a person experience the short term effects that attract them to the drug but also experience the long term effects that can leave a critical mark on a persons health. Abusers of inhalants need to be educated that what is thought to be a satisfying high is actually a deadly high. ReferencesInhalants. (2010). Web. 30 Mar. 2015. http//www.drugfree.org/portal/drug_guide/inhalantsMissouri surgical incision of Mental Health. (n.d.). Inhalants. Web. 30 Mar. 2015. http//www.well.com/user/woa/fsinhale.htmNational Drug Intelligence Center. (2001). Intelligence Brief Huffing The Abuse of Inhalants. Web. 30 Mar. 2015. http//www.justice.gov/ndic/pubs07/708/index.htmNational Institute on Drug Abuse. (2010). Inhalants. Web. 30 Mar. 2015. http//www.drugabuse.gov/drugpages/inhalants.html

A death in the family Essay -- essays research papers

James Agees A Death in the Family is a posthumous bracing based on the generally complete manuscript that the author left upon his death in 1955. Agee had been working on the novel for many years, and portions of the work had already appeared in The Partisan Review, The Cambridge Review, The raw Yorker, and Harpers Bazaar. Published in 1957, the novel was edited by David McDowell. Several lengthy passages, part of Agees manuscript whose position in the chronology was not identified by the author, were displace in italics by the editor, whose finish it was to place them at the conclusion of Parts I and II. These dream-like sequences suggest the influence of James Joyce, especially of Ulysses, on Agees writing. It was also McDowells decision to add the brief prefatory section, Knoxville Summer, 1915, Agees poetic meditation on his southern childhood. As an overture to the novel, this evocative section, although not part of Agees original manuscript, is extremely effective, for it introduces the rootage of lost childhood happiness that is central in the novel as a whole. The novel will treat the same milieu of middle-class house servant life-a social milieu whose calm surface of normality is shattered by the tragic and possibly suicidal death of Jay Follet, the child protagonists father. In Part I of the novel, Agee quickly establishes the importance of the father-son relationship. Rufus Follet, Jays six-year-old son, accompanies his father to the silent film theatre against the objection of Rufuss mother, who finds Charlie Chaplin (one of James Agees heroes) nasty and stark(a). This disagreement underscores the marital conflict that underlies Rufuss ambivalent feelings toward both his parents. When Jay takes Rufus to a neighborhood tavern after the picture show, despite the fathers warmth and love for his son, it is clear that the fathers pride is constrained by the fact that the sons proclivities, even at this too soon age, follow the mothers interests in culture rather than the fathers more democratic tastes for athletic ability and social pursuits. Tensions between Rufuss parents are apparent as Jays drinking and vulgar habits become a point of contention in the household, with the child Rufus caught between his sometimes bickering parents. For her part, Mary Follet is a character whose extreme subjection to moralistic attitudes suggests... ... a prayer for the dead. Meanwhile Uncle Andrew takes Rufus for a walk and tells him about the magnificent butterfly that settled on Jays coffin just as it was lowered into the cogent before flying off high into the sky an episode that Andrew believes miraculous. Andrews then reviles Father Jackson, who has refused to read the full burial service, since Jay has never been baptized. Rufus struggles to understand the hostility that Andrew feels toward the church building even as he loves Christians such as Mary and Hannah. Rufus wants to ask for some clarification, but instead he and Andre w walk silently home. Thus Agee ends the novel on a note of unresolved conflict. As he grows up, it is suggested, Rufus will continue to suffer from the same divisions of faith and social milieu that are manifold in his parents relationship, and he will develop into the contemplative artist who already, at the age of six, has shown such sensitivity to human motives and the language in which they are conveyed. scripted toward the end of his life, A Death in the Family may be considered Agees attempt to understand the origins of, and to come to terms with, the self-division that plagued his existence.

A death in the family Essay -- essays research papers

James Agees A Death in the Family is a posthumous novel based on the largely complete manuscript that the author left upon his death in 1955. Agee had been working on the novel for many years, and portions of the work had already appeargond in The zealot Review, The Cambridge Review, The New Yorker, and Harpers Bazaar. Published in 1957, the novel was edited by David McDowell. Several lengthy passages, part of Agees manuscript whose position in the chronology was not identified by the author, were placed in italics by the editor, whose decision it was to place them at the conclusion of eccentrics I and II. These dream-like sequences suggest the influence of James Joyce, especially of Ulysses, on Agees writing. It was besides McDowells decision to add the brief prefatory section, Knoxville Summer, 1915, Agees poetic meditation on his southern childhood. As an overture to the novel, this evocative section, although not part of Agees original manuscript, is exceedingly effective, f or it introduces the theme of lost childhood happiness that is central in the novel as a whole. The novel will treat the same milieu of middle-class domestic life-a social milieu whose calm surface of normality is shattered by the tragic and possibly suicidal death of Jay Follet, the child protagonists father. In Part I of the novel, Agee quickly establishes the importance of the father-son relationship. Rufus Follet, Jays six-year-old son, accompanies his father to the silent film theatre against the objection of Rufuss mother, who finds Charlie Chaplin (one of James Agees heroes) nasty and vulgar. This disagreement underscores the marital conflict that underlies Rufuss ambivalent feelings toward some(prenominal) his p bents. When Jay takes Rufus to a neighborhood tavern after the picture show, despite the fathers warmth and love for his son, it is clear that the fathers pride is constrained by the fact that the sons proclivities, even at this early age, follow the mothers intere sts in culture rather than the fathers more democratic tastes for athletic ability and social pursuits. Tensions between Rufuss parents are apparent as Jays imbibition and vulgar habits become a point of contention in the household, with the child Rufus caught between his sometimes bickering parents. For her part, Mary Follet is a character whose extreme faithfulness to moralistic attitudes suggests... ... a prayer for the dead. Meanwhile Uncle Andrew takes Rufus for a walk and tells him about the magnificent butterfly that settled on Jays coffin just as it was lower into the grave before flying off high into the sky an episode that Andrew believes miraculous. Andrews then reviles Father Jackson, who has refused to read the full burial service, since Jay has never been baptized. Rufus struggles to understand the aggressiveness that Andrew feels toward the church even as he loves Christians such as Mary and Hannah. Rufus wants to ask for some clarification, but instead he and An drew walk silently home. gum olibanum Agee ends the novel on a note of unresolved conflict. As he grows up, it is suggested, Rufus will continue to suffer from the same divisions of faith and social milieu that are involved in his parents relationship, and he will develop into the contemplative artist who already, at the age of six, has shown such sensitivity to human motives and the language in which they are conveyed. Written toward the end of his life, A Death in the Family may be considered Agees attempt to understand the origins of, and to come to terms with, the self-division that plagued his existence.