The Effects Of Gun Control On The United States Essay

Gun control has become a very important topic within the United States after the past couple of months. There have been many issues that have occurred to make people think that banning guns is something we need to invest in, even though that just would not be the greatest option. There are many parts to winning a debate on gun control. One always needs to be sure to view both sides of the issue, look at the causes and the effects of the issue, and being sure one has enough facts and statistics to back up any information used. Given the research and studies conducted on the idea of gun control, there is enough evidence to show that gun control would not work and would badly damage the societal structure of the United States. My personal views on this particular issue are that if more gun control laws come into effect the violent crime rate involving firearms would not decrease. I highly believe that the second amendment states that citizens are allowed to own a firearm. This of course has to be done with precautions such as background checks and mental health checks. The basis of the second amendment is not for hunting like many believe, but for protection against tyrannical government and enemies foreign and domestic. This was given as a constitutional right, that is stated within the Constitution of the United States. To take that right away from law abiding citizens, can be proven to be very dangerous for not only the citizens, but also the country. Another issue is ifShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Gun Control On The United States892 Words   |  4 Pagesshooting have occurred in the United States. This is paired with the fact that gun ownership in the United States stays significantly higher per cap ita as compared to any other developed nation. Lastly, statistics from these tragedies evidenced that most of the weapons used are legally obtained, high volume weapons. It remains clear that as a country we cannot stay at the top in gun-ownership, and consequently have mass shootings decrease. We must examine ways that regulating gun ownership can prevent tragediesRead MoreEffects Of Gun Control On The United States Essay1958 Words   |  8 PagesEffects on Gun Control â€Å"A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.† The right of all Americans to bear arms is a right the Founding Fathers held to equal importance as the Constitution itself. Gun control laws directly violate this right and therefore should not even be under consideration. Even if that issue is overlooked, gun control advocates state that in order to reduce firearm related violenceRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Control On The United States2910 Words   |  12 PagesSchlickman: Gun Control There has been a huge increase of gun related deaths in the US United States and the related stories have been all over the news and newspapers. Taking guns out of circulation could be helpful, but is not likely to completely solve the problem. A current issue in the United States is gun control, and whether or not the government can, or should take away our right to own them is the big debate. There have been numerous situations covered by the news media where guns have beenRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Control On The United States1154 Words   |  5 Pagesrestriction on gun control and weather or not government and Obama should take away gun control or leave it alone. Just since 2013, there have been over 143 school shootings in the United States. Just in 2015, there has been over 45 school shootings in the United States. In some states, new laws have been added stating that if you’re going to buy a gun, you will need a background check. They do this for the safety of othe r people but not only that; but for the safety of that person as well. The United StatesRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Control On The United States939 Words   |  4 PagesMass shootings in the United States have literally become an everyday occurrence. A mass shooting is a firearm-violence related incident where four or more people are killed or injured, and recent research shows that on average, over one mass shooting occurs per day (Lafraniere). In a country where guns are hailed as being tools for problem-solving and self-defense, there is a saddening amount of violence caused by firearms. The NRA will always claim that it is people and not guns who kill, but the amountRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Control On The United States1906 Words   |  8 PagesIncredible amount of gun violence has been on an exponential incline and has been a very serious issue in the recent years. Some of the hardest issues for gun control, is deciding on whether or not to make it stricter or ban all guns. Currently in the United States; passing new laws for gun control is in a standstill, thanks to politicians who do not wish to cooperate with each other. A vast majority of proposals have been made, but with little to none making it all the way to get passed. AnotherRead MoreThe Effects Of Stricter Gun Control On The United States1352 Words   |  6 Pagesabout states in the U.S. proves the correlation between strict gun control policies and deaths related to firearms to the least extent. According to an article published by Richard Florida on CityLab, a research shows that states with stricter gun control have fewer gun-related fatalities. The study in the article was conducted by researchers at Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard School of Public Health. Researchers measured â€Å"legislative strength† of gun control policiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Control On The United States Of America1811 Words   |  8 Pagespaper will explore and expose the gun control effects and actions in the United States of America. It will also explain the results of gun control over a decade and show a report of the research the author conducted through a few academic: articles, research, and statistics. The paper will also suggest a solution to compromise both opposing gun control and favoring gun control. The Causes and Effects of Gun Control in the United States The United States has been a gun culture country since the day theRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Control Laws On The United States921 Words   |  4 Pagesin the United States due to the lack of gun control laws mass shootings like this one are common. This is very unfortunate not only for Americans but for the global community. Having family in the United States and cousins in grade school, I find it frightening that their lives are at risk all because it is easy for people to purchase guns. In Canada we feel very safe and secure due to the strong gun control laws. It i s immensely important that the USA takes a stand and applies stronger gun controlRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Control On The Death Rate Of The United States977 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst article is by Franklin E. Zimring as he addresses the necessity for gun control in the United States. It would seem that the use of handguns increases the death rate of violence by a 3:5 ratio. Controlling this death rate is a potentially lifesaving entity, however only if the use of guns in assaults can be lessened. One social impact that could lower the death rate is the prevention of assaults due to the fear of gun-owning victims who could retaliate against the assailant. The ability a weapon

Bcg Matrix - 944 Words

International Marketing – 3rd Assignment Portfolio Analysis Region 4 (Italy) June 2011 1 Portfolio Analysis – The BCG Matrix The BCG Matrix is a market growth-market share matrix developed by the Boston Consulting Group, which is used to support strategic decisions in order to optimize a business portfolio with regard to new, old, innovative or established products and/or strategic business units (SBU). Its underlying theories are the experience curve as well as the product life cycle. Having classified its strategic business units, a company can develop its individual strategies for each of these SBUs. Future decisions include how to allocate investments on the SBUs, analysis about whether the respective products are still†¦show more content†¦Decisions for Period 4: - ongoing increased advertising spending because of high competition within our market - a market growth is forecasted, therefore we continue to invest moderately to keep our market leader position France: Question Mark We entered the French market by purchasing an established sales organization in period 2. Due to substantial invest ments in advertising ,we were able to keep the sales organization’s market share of around 9%. We have a good position in the utterly competitive market Decisions for Period 4: - with further investments in advertising and an expected market growth of 3,9% it is realistic to expect a gain on market share ïÆ'   we follow the Offensive Strategy as we consider it being a promising SBU Germany: Poor Dog We entered Germany by creating our own sales organization in Period 2. We are still in the start up phase of our operations. Our market share corresponds to the medium size of the sales organization and we face strong competition. Decisions for Period 4: - due to expected market growth of almost 9%, we expect our SBU to become a question mark in period 4 ïÆ'   we are not following Divestment Strategy - ongoing investments in advertising , corporate identity and training to increase market share and brand awareness Decision for BCG in Current Portfolio Advantages: - simple applic ation - objectivity - sizes quantifiable Disadvantages:Show MoreRelatedBcg Matrix ( Bcg ) Matrix1409 Words   |  6 Pages(BCG) Matrix. This type of matrix is used to recognize how a company is surviving in different markets. â€Å"The BCG Matrix graphically depicts differences among divisions in terms of relative market share position and industry growth rate† (Jones p. 177). (See Appendix D for and example BCG Matrix). Under Armour has two areas that are a major star for the company. Stars, represent the organizations best opportunities for growth. According to Williams (2015) Under Armour is continuing to seeRead MoreThe Bcg Matrix1694 Words   |  7 PagesBCG Matrix Opportunity - Threat Analysis Submitted to: Professor Clyde By : Parth Mithani Roll No. 60 F.Y.M.M.S. Alkesh Dinesh Modi Institute for Financial amp; Management Studies. 1) The BCG Matrix The BCG / Growth-Share matrix is a model developed by the Boston Consultancy Group in the early 1970’s. It is a well known tool for a marketing manager. It is based on the observation that a company’s business units can be classified into four main categories based on combinations of market growthRead MoreBcg Matrix Analysis2570 Words   |  11 PagesBCG Matrix Model BCG Matrix Model The BCG matrix or also called BCG model relates to marketing. The BCG model is a well-known portfolio management tool used in product life cycle theory. BCG matrix is often used to prioritize which products within company product mix get more funding and attention. The BCG matrix model is a portfolio planning model developed by Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group in the early 1970s. The BCG model is based on classification of products (and implicitlyRead MoreBcg Matrix1487 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is BCG matrix? The BCG matrix is a chart that had been created by Bruce Henderson for the Boston Consulting Group in 1968 to help corporations with analyzing their business units or product lines. This helps the company allocate resources and is used as an analytical tool in brand marketing, product management, strategic management, and portfolio analysis. Analysis of market performance by firms using its principles has called its usefulness into question, and it has been removed from some majorRead MoreMatrix And Analysis : Bcg Matrix1361 Words   |  6 PagesBCG Matrix Business Unit Matrix and Analysis This matrix chart seeks to help companies analyze their individual business units or product lines to determine how to allocate internal resources. This matrix is used most frequently in brand marketing, product management, and strategic management within an organization. The matrix divides each product or business unit into four different categories based on a combined analysis of market growth and market share (Rothaermel, 2015; Ioana, Mirea, BalescuRead MoreGoogles Bcg Matrix1027 Words   |  5 Pagesappliance, mobile search, cloud computing and internet advertising. This article is divided as two parts---first part is to analyze Google’s businesses by using BCG matrix. [1] Then, another part is useful recommendations on how Google can formulate corresponding strategies to capture and sustain competitive advantage in each business. BCG matrix is commonly used to analyze business portfolio by comparing relative ratio of one’s market share to the largest competitor’s in the industry. Google’s searchRead MoreBcg Matrix Critique1958 Words   |  8 PagesMarketing Critique: BCG Matrix Your Name Here Table of Contents Introduction 3 Concept Overview 3 Functional Critique 5 Intellectual Critique 6 Ethical Critique 7 Political Critique 8 Conclusion 8 Bibliography 9 Introduction This paper will attempt to provide a broad critique of the Boston Consulting Group Matrix in light of the ideas of Hackley (2009). In his book Marketing:A Critical Introduction, Hackley presents a framework for analysing marketing models. He suggestsRead MoreBCG matrix Essay4376 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿Relevance. Widely used in the practice of strategic choice has received a two-dimensional matrix , developed by the Boston Consulting Group. Therefore, this matrix is ​​a matrix known as Boston Consulting Group or BCG matrix . This matrix allows the company to classify the products in its market share relative to its main competitors and the rate of annual growth in the industry. Matrix enables us to determine which products company occupies a leading position compared to competitors , whatRead MoreEssay on BCG Matrix6769 Words   |  28 Pagesto the process of workers. They have proved it by doubling their output in two years and plan to expand a wider range o f fruits and vegetables. The Gascoyne Gold group teaches an important lesson about how doing business. 1.2 INTRODUCTION OF BCG MATRIX First and foremost, most of the business owners and the managers would consider the most important logical strategic direction in order to run their business which are growing. They believe that if the business does not grow over the time passRead MoreBcg Matrix Is A Model Developed Via The Boston Consultancy Group1691 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' BCG Matrix The BCG matrix is a model developed via the Boston Consultancy group within the early 1970’s. It is a good known device for an advertising manager. It s based on the commentary that a company’s business models can be categorized into four important categories centered on combos of market development and market share, for this hence the name growth-share matrix. Market progress represents the industry attractive attractiveness, and market share stands for competitive knowledge. This

Clinton Essay Example For Students

Clinton Essay President William Jefferson Clinton is the third president in our nations history to face the Constitutional threat of impeachment and only the second president to ever be impeached by the United States House of Representatives. The House of Representatives impeached Andrew Johnson in 1868 for violating the Tenure of Office Act of 1867, when he tried to oust the Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton (Short History). Richard M. Nixon resigned from the Presidency before he was charged with criminal conspiracy in the Watergate Scandal (Short History). Article II, Section 4 of the Constitution sets the grounds for impeachment. The Constitution states, The President, Vice President, and all other Civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from the office on Impeachment for, and conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors (Renstrom 458). The Clinton impeachment trial is unlike the Johnson and Nixon cases because he did not touch off intra-governmental conflicts as did Johnson, nor did he take part in a criminal conspiracy as Nixon did. Some Democrats question if the Clinton Articles of Impeachment were valid according to the Constitution. William Clinton began his early political career as many politicians do. He was a bright student throughout his years in high school, college, and finally law school. A Rhodes scholar and Yale Law School graduate; Clinton seemed to be on the right road to success. He served as Arkansas Attorney General, and he also served as Governor of that state for 5 terms. Clinton revived the Democratic Party and led it to two terms of White House control by winning the presidency. Clintons rise to power took a wrong turn when he was accused of sexually harassing a former Arkansas state employee named Paula Jones (L.A. Times). Jones first spoke out against Clinton in 1994, but it was not until January of 1998 that the President would have to answer questions in his defense against Jones. It was also at this time that the independent council, Kenneth Starr, who had been investigating Clinton for the Whitewater Real Estate affair, now claimed to be expanding his investigation. Starr alleged that a 24-year old White House intern named Monica Lewinsky had been asked to lie, in the harassment case involving Jones. In the accusation, it also said she was asked by Vernon Jordan, a close friend of the president, and Mr. Clinton himself (L.A. Times). Starr began to investigate deeper until he had enough evidence against the President. On September 9th, 1998, Kenneth Starr delivered an explicit, 453-paged report to the House of Representatives (Short History) For a president to be impeached there must first be a formal accusation brought up by the House of Represtatives. Article I, Section 2 or the Constitution states that, The House of Representatives shall have the sole Power of Impeachment (Renstrom 452). By December 12th, 1998, the House Judiciary Committee had approved four impeachment articles that would go to the floor of the House for a vote. The charges were as follows: Perjury before a Grand Jury, Perjury in the Paula Jones case, Obstruction of Justice, and an Abuse of Powe r (U.S. News 23). Even though the presidents lawyers had done a reasonable job at defending him in front of the House Judiciary Committee, the articles passed because the majority of committee members were Republicans, Predominant Congressional Democratic leaders like Senate Majority leader, Tom Daschle and House Minority leader Richard Gephardt sought a Congressional censure for President Clinton instead of a full impeachment. However, the Democrats did obtain a censure resolution for Clinton before the vote took place in the House of Representatives (U.S. News 21). .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 , .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .postImageUrl , .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 , .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:hover , .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:visited , .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:active { border:0!important; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:active , .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191 .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u997947b07505fecb1b01c599e87bb191:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tell tale heart critical analy EssayFor any of the articles to pass, a majority of the House was necessary. House of Representatives Resolution 611, the impeachment of William Jefferson Clinton for high Crimes and Misdemeanors, took place on December 19th. The 435-member House of Representatives voted for two of the four impeachment articles; Obstruction of Justice, and Perjury before the Grand Jury (U.S. News 22). The perjury charge against Clinton passed 228-206, and the obstruction of justice charge passed 221-212 (Houston Chronicle). Although the House Republicans had won a victory by having two Articles of Impeachment approved, the Senate would hear the remainder of t he case against President Clinton. As stated in Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution, The Senate shall have the sole power to try all Impeachments. This section of the Constitution also sets up some guidelines that the Senate must follow. The Senate must act as the jury and Be on oath, or affirmation. Also, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is instructed to preside over the trial. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present pertains to the number it takes to reach a conviction (Renstrom 452). On January 7th, Republicans discussed how the trial would proceed, which lasted for a week. On January 14th, the 13 prosecutors of the case, called impeachment trial managers, started their opening comments. The trial managers were Republican Representatives that served on the House Judiciary Committee. Committee Chairman, Henry Hyde, was also the head trail manager. Along with Mr. Hyde were Representatives Bob Barr from Georgia, Charles Ca nandy from Florida, Lindsey Graham from South Carolina, Asa Hutchinson from Arkansas, James Sensenbrenner from Wisconsin, Steve Buyer from Indiana, George Gekas from Pennsylvania, Ed Bryant from Tennessee, Bill McCollum from Florida, Steve Chabot from Ohio, Christopher Cannon from Utah, and James Rogan from California. This all-male, all Republican team argued that removing the President was necessary to protect the rule of law and safeguard the covenant of trust between the President and the Country (Clinton Under Fire). The lawyers that defended Clinton were Chief White House Counsel Charles Ruff, David Kendall, Cheryl Mills, Nicole Seigelman, and former Senator Dale Bumpers. Chief Justice Rehnquist officiated the trial as instructed by the Constitution. Previously, Rehnquist had written an account of the Andrew Johnson impeachment trail called Grand Inquests (Clinton Under Fire). The principal conflict between Republicans and Democrats in this trial revolved around witnesses. Originally, the House managers sought for Monica Lewinsky to testify, along with Vernon Jordan, and Sidney Blumenthal. Jordan was brought in because he had supposedly asked Lewinsky to lie under during the Paula Jones case, denying that she had any sexual relations with President Clinton. The trial managers felt that by having Sidney Blumenthal as a witness would help the case against Clintons obstruction of justice charge (Clinton Under Fire). For nearly a month, Republicans and Democrats pitched their strategies for winning. On February 12th, after three days of deliberating, the Senate reached a verdict. President Clinton was acquitted on all charges. It is common belief that the Republicans preformed poorly in this trial. They controlled the Senate by 10 seats and did not get a majority on either charge. The charge of perjury was a 50-50 split vote. The obstruction of justice charge was 45 for conviction, and 55 against conviction (Houston Chronicle). Whether or not President Clinton acted in an immoral fashion towards Monica Lewinsky did not appear to be as important as the fact that he had misinformed the American people. Was he truly guilty of the impeachment charges brought against him? Clinton emerged from the trial with a reputation for telling lies and now his presidency will remain tarnished until he leaves office. Unfortunately, Bill Clinton underestimated and misused the trust of the American people. As Representative Henry Hyde asked, If you cannot believe the President, who can you believe? (Clinton Under Fire). For some reason, Clinton maintained a fair approval rating among the people of this nation. His approval rating during the trial was largely due to the fact that the economy had remained better than it had been in years. So what are Americans thinking about politicians? It is to permit the president to be untruthful and act inappropriately, and Congress to spend billions of dollars on a pointless trial? Althoug h the trial and other aspects of Clintons private life are unremarkable, the fact that all three branches of our federal government came together at one time for such a purpose is!Gerson, Michael J. End Games. U.S NewsWorld Report 21 Dec 1998: 20-29Gergen, David. Its time for a cease fire. U.S. NewsWorld Report 4 Jan 1999: 16-29Renstrom, Peter Constitutional Law and Young Adults. ABC-CLIO. Santa Barbra: 1996Impeachment Trial Ends. Houston Chronicle. Online Internet 16 Jul 2000 Available: www.chron.comThe Impeachment Trials: Key Players. Online Internet 16 Jul 2000 Available: www.chron.comClinton Under Fire. BBC News Online. Available:news.bbc.co.uk/hi/English/events/Clinton_under_fire/profiles/newsid_16800/168540..stm. 14 Jul 2000A Short History of Impeachment Before Clinton. Available: Infoplease.lycos.com/spot/impeach.html. Los Angeles Times: http://www.latimes.com/HOME/NEWS/REPORTS/SCANDAL/PATHWAY/tpointframe.htm: 16 Jul Bibliography:

Vitamin E free essay sample

This paper examines the benefits of Vitamin E. The author discusses how the benefits of vitamin E have been documented for years and how it has been shown to fight many diseases, promote good health and add years to ones life. Unfortunately, says the author, one cannot gain a healthy level of the vitamin through nutrition so it is important that the public know this and take steps to take vitamin E in capsule or other forms. For many years experts and consumers alike have examined the benefits of Vitamins and minerals. One of the most highly touted vitamins has always been vitamin E. According to those who advocate its use vitamin E provides many benefits to those who take it including a reduction in prostrate cancer(Recerap, 1998). Vitamin E has several uses that have been proven over the years as well as many other benefits that have not yet be proven scientifically but are accepted with anecdotal information. We will write a custom essay sample on Vitamin E or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Biography of Edmund Cartwright, English Inventor

Biography of Edmund Cartwright, English Inventor Edmund Cartwright (April 24, 1743–October 30, 1823) was an English inventor and clergyman. He patented the first power loom- an improved version of the handloom- in 1785 and set up a factory in Doncaster, England, to manufacture textiles. Cartwright also designed a wool-combing machine, an instrument for making rope, and a steam engine powered by alcohol. Fast Facts: Edmund Cartwright Known For: Cartwright invented a power loom that improved the speed of textile production.Born: April 24, 1743 in Marnham, EnglandDied: October 30, 1823 in Hastings, EnglandEducation: University of OxfordSpouse: Elizabeth McMac Early Life Edmund Cartwright was born on April 24, 1743, in Nottinghamshire, England. He graduated from Oxford University and married Elizabeth McMac at the age of 19. Cartwrights father was the Reverend Edmund Cartwright, and the younger Cartwright followed in his fathers footsteps by becoming a clergyman in the Church of England, serving initially as the rector of Goadby Marwood, a village in Leicestershire. In 1786, he became a prebendary (a senior member of the clergy) of  Lincoln Cathedral (also known as St. Marys Cathedral)- a post he held until his death. Cartwrights four brothers were also highly accomplished. John Cartwright was a naval officer who fought for political reforms to the British Parliament, while George Cartwright was a trader who explored Newfoundland and Labrador. Inventions Cartwright was not only a clergyman; he was also a prolific  inventor, though he didnt begin experimenting with inventions until he was in his 40s. In 1784, he  was inspired to create a machine for weaving after he visited inventor Richard Arkwrights cotton-spinning mills in Derbyshire. Although he had no experience in this field and many people thought his ideas were nonsense, Cartwright, with the help of a carpenter, worked to bring his concept to fruition. He completed the design for his first power loom in 1784 and won a patent for the invention in 1785. Although this initial design was not successful, Cartwright continued to make improvements to subsequent iterations of his power loom until he had developed a productive machine. He then established a factory in Doncaster to mass produce the devices. However, Cartwright had no experience or knowledge in business or industry so he was never able to successfully market his power looms and primarily used his factory to test new inventions. He invented a wool-combing machine in 1789 and continued to improve his power loom. He secured another patent for a weaving invention in 1792. Bankruptcy Cartwright went bankrupt in 1793, forcing him to close his factory. He sold 400 of his looms to a Manchester company but lost the remainder when his factory burned down, possibly due to arson committed by handloom weavers who feared they would be put out of work by the new power looms. (Their fears would eventually prove to be well-founded.) Bankrupt and destitute, Cartwright moved to London in 1796, where he worked on other invention ideas. He invented a steam engine powered by alcohol and a machine for making rope, and helped Robert Fulton with his steamboats. He also worked on ideas for interlocking bricks and incombustible floorboards. Improvements to Power Loom Cartwrights power loom needed some improvements, so several inventors took on the challenge. It was improved upon by Scottish inventor William Horrocks, the designer of the variable speed batton, and also by American inventor  Francis Cabot Lowell. The power loom was commonly used after 1820. When it became efficient, women replaced most men as weavers in textile factories. Although many of Cartwrights inventions were not successful, he was eventually recognized by the House of Commons for the national benefits of his power loom. The legislators awarded the inventor a prize of 10,000 Britsh pounds for his contributions. In the end, despite Cartwrights power loom being highly influential, he received little in the way of a financial reward for it. Death In 1821, Cartwright was made a Fellow of the Royal Society. He died two years later on October 30, 1823, and was buried in the small town of Battle. Legacy Cartwrights work played a pivotal role in the evolution of textile production. Weaving was the last step in textile production to be mechanized because of the difficulty in creating the precise interaction of levers, cams, gears, and springs that mimicked the coordination of the human hand and eye. Cartwrights power loom- though flawed- was the first device of its kind to do this, accelerating the process of manufacturing all kinds of cloth. According to the Lowell National Historical Park Handbook,  Francis Cabot Lowell,  a wealthy Boston merchant,  realized that in order for America to keep up with Englands textile production, where successful power looms had been in operation since the early 1800s, they would need to borrow British technology. While visiting English  textile mills, Lowell memorized the workings of their power looms (which were based on Cartwrights designs), and when  he returned to the United States, he recruited a master mechanic named Paul Moody to help him recreate and develop what he had seen. They succeeded in adapting the British design  and the machine shop established at the Waltham mills by Lowell and Moody continued to make improvements in the loom. The first American power loom was constructed in Massachusetts in 1813. With the introduction of a dependable power loom, weaving could keep up with spinning as the American textile industry was underway. The power loom allowed the wholesale manufacture of cloth from ginned cotton, itself a recent innovation of  Eli Whitney. Though primarily known for his inventions, Cartwright was also an esteemed poet. Sources Berend, Ivn. An Economic History of Nineteenth-Century Europe: Diversity and Industrialization. Cambridge University Press, 2013.Cannon, John Ashton.  The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford University Press, 2015.Hendrickson, Kenneth E., et al.  The Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in World History. Rowman Littlefield, 2015.Riello, Giorgio.  Cotton: the Fabric That Made the Modern World. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Cent, Scent, and Sent - Commonly Confused Words

Cent, Scent, and Sent - Commonly Confused Words The words cent, scent, and sent  are  homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. The noun cent refers to a coin equal to the hundredth part of a dollar: a penny. As both a noun and a verb, scent refers to an odor or the sense of smell. Sent is the past and past-participle form of the verb to send. Examples Texas oil was hardly worth a cent a barrel until Standard Oil discovered a way to refine it.​No man can taste the fruits of autumn while he is delighting his scent with the flowers of spring. (Samuel Johnson)​After two weeks in the hospital, the patient was sent home. Practice Exercises (a) I _____ my aunt a thank-you note and some flowers.(b) I paid my daughter one _____ for each dandelion she pulled out of the lawn.(c) The _____ of roses filled the cool morning air. Answers to Practice Exercises Answers to Practice Exercises:  Cent, Scent, and Sent (a) I  sent  my aunt a thank-you note and some flowers.(b) I paid my daughter one  cent  for each dandelion she pulled out of the lawn.(c) The  scent  of roses filled the cool morning air. Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words

Advising and Counseling Student Athletes by Broughton and Neyer Article

Advising and Counseling Student Athletes by Broughton and Neyer - Article Example It has been mentioned in the literature that the student-athletes can be best counseled by incorporating counseling in four steps which involves academic counseling, life skill development, clinical counseling and performance enhancement. It has been said in the book that the students many time fear the fact that if they seek the advice of counselors they will be considered weak and that may have an adverse effect on their performance and their social image. There are various problems which student-athlete faces and it remains the responsibility of the institutions to cater to all their emotional needs and provide them the support required. The piece of literature here goes on to say that there are yet many flaws in the counseling programmes of the student-athletes and the college authorities should become effective in addressing the existing flaws and review the situation accordingly so that the athletes, as well as the college authorities, benefit from them. The authors Hamilton and Sina, (2001) in the article, â€Å"How College Affects Student-Athletes† refers to the fact that colleges play an important role in the lives of the student-athletes and the concerned authorities should realize their responsibilities and direct their efforts towards the right direction. The athletes should understand that the authorities care for their overall well being. And the authorities should not only focus on athletics that may bring in a negative impact. Rather they should structure policies in a manner that will help the student-athletes in the long run of their lives and it will allow them to fulfill all their dreams. Thus we get to know that academic institutions have a major role to play in the lives of athletes. With more and, more of globalization athletics is a major form of entertainment. The college athletes of the present age are not only shaped by factors of the universities and colleges. They are influenced by a number of other global factors which include social, moral and economic issues.  Ã‚  

Hamza Yusuf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Hamza Yusuf - Essay Example Yusuf often acts as a guest speaker at events coordinated by different subdivisions of the Muslim Students Association of the US and Canada. Together with Haten Bazian and Zaid Shakir, Yusuf is a co-founder of the Zaytuna College located in Berkeley, California. The college was established in 1996 and is dedicated to reviving traditional methods of study, especially with regard to the sciences of Islam (Ghazali 2011, 65). Yusuf is also a signatory of A Common Word Between Us and You, which is an open letter written by Islamic scholars addressed to Christian leaders, speaking to the need for peace and understanding. Yusuf has adopted a stance against all religious rationalizations for terrorist attacks. After 9/11, he typified the actions of the attackers as acts of mass homicide. Yusuf strongly condemns terrorist attacks arguing that Islamic is exploited as an innocent victim (Ghazali 2011, 115). Yusuf has authored an array of books and pamphlets, which seek to educate Muslims on pro per and ethical conduct. Thought Yusuf is renowned for a number of original thoughts, which are aimed at assisting Muslim lead fruitful lives devoid of evil deeds. One of his most notable thoughts is that of dunya. Yusuf typifies dunya as the illusory nature of the world; it consists of aspects that delude people into thinking that they are permanent fixtures in the world. Dunya also compels Muslims to think that they can transgress since they believe they are independent from Allah. In essence, Yusuf considers dunya as the element that takes Muslims away from the akhira (the after life), thus exemplifying Satan’s game. Satan’s game, according to Yusuf (2008, 69) is aimed purposely at detracting people away from the akhira through shaytan, which means to obstruct or make distant from the akhira. Therefore, Yusuf (Yusuf and Shakir 2007, 128) believes that dunya makes Muslims feel that dunya is nearer than the akhira. Islam argues that dunya is distant and equates it to attempting to reach for grapes that are beyond one’s grasp. This is the true character of dunya; one can never get it since it always evades people. Through his teachings, Yusuf seeks to teach Muslims that dunya is unimportant. He in turn demonstrates the importance of the akhira, which is the essence of all Islamic messages. Therefore, he argues that, in all their actions, Muslims must endeavor to head away from dunya and further towards the akhira. In order to delineate the true nature of dunya, Yusuf contrasts it to normal human actions. Yusuf (2004, 89) argues that seeking food to sustain a healthy body is not considered dunya, neither is earning enough money to meet one’s obligations or spend on halal. In order to justify his stance regarding dunya, Yusuf ponders on the assertions of the Holy Prophet of Islam that if Adam’s son had a single mountain of gold, he would then desire a second mountain. The Prophet argued that the son’s mouth would never b e filled, with the exception of the dust of his private grave. Yusuf takes this teaching to mean that dunya is deceptive since it compels people to desire more earthly possession than they need. Yusuf teaches Muslims to steer clear of the deluder and in turn move towards the akhira. In addition to this, Yusuf teaches that Muslims should avoid the delusion of dunya that it is possible to live both in the past and future. In turn, Yusuf believes that Muslims should always endeavor to live in the present. He argues that

Madame Bovary and Written on the body Essay Example for Free

Madame Bovary and Written on the body Essay Madame Bovary and Written on the body, penned by Gustave Flaubert and Jeanette Winterson respectively, encapsulate the essence of gender while breaking free of the stigma attached to it. The actions of both the protagonists from these works reflect a complete divorce of the influence of their genders from the course of action they took. The ambiguity of the sex of Winterson’s character along with the Volatile nature of Flaubert’s Emma twist many facets of gender and society together into solid plots. Both are narratives of the highest order and equally reflect ideas which are considered radical. Both novels place sexual structures and explanations of gender into question, i. e. is the male sex really superior? Are woman really constricted by their femininity? Through the narrative on Emma we get a taste of a woman who goes again societal norms and at times acts more masculine than feminine. Then we have the I-narrator in Winterson’s novel that continually transcends boundaries set for sexes because of his/her own unidentified and undefined gender. Similarly, one would have to notice that Winterson’s novel shuns sexes completely. Instead of working within a space where there is a fixed gender, which is further placed into a categorically constructed culture and society in order to pinpoint the wants and needs of an individual, we are left with imagery that shows us a being, which has an identity and subsequently wants and needs things based on that identity. (Sonnenberg 3) Typical to this fact both the characters tip toe around the limitations of the sexes. This is the reason Winterson’s character is easy to compare to Emma. The novels’ negate the traditional roles of the sexes, in particular they negate the role of women as passive object of exploration by following masculine paradigms, but also in ultimately rejecting such models in favor of reciprocity, they becomes an almost perfect illustration of a refusal of the role of woman and also the refusal of the economic, ideological, and political power of a man. The actions of both characters set them apart from normal behavior (Maynard, Purvis 151). One has to wonder whether Emma is a victim in the traditional sense or has the author deliberately downplayed the masculinity of the three main male characters i. e. Charles, Leon and Rodolphe. (Porter 263). The character does not follow the norms of one gender. This was the reason that Flaubert’s novel was greatly protested. On one hand she is extremely feminine but on the other hand she has extremely masculine markers in her personality. It was Charles Baudelaire who pointed out that Emma’s desires masculinized her, and he labeled her a â€Å"bizarre androgyne. † In reality, in the background of the 19th-century French anticipations about women’s conduct, Emma’s blatant sexuality and far-reaching aspiration did stand out as alien and unacceptable, as the trial of Madame Bovary on allegations of violating public morals showed. (Porter 124). She is definitely feminine in many ways, but very easily slips into the lead of forefront of her relationships which is usually reserved for the male counterparts. An example of this would be her relationship with Leon and also the fact that she wore monocles which was highly unlikely for a woman of that day and age. Likewise the I-narrator in â€Å"Written on the body† seems to be neither male nor female. As tempting as it would be, it does not work for the reader to search for the gender clues in this character, the mention of a shirt, a nipple, a motorcycle – for none of these provides conclusive evidence, there are however, many hints that suggest that the character is in fact female such as the description s/he awards to the objective of his/her affection i. e. Louise. It is that very fact which throws the plot into controversy; a plain tale of adultery would have been rather poetic, one which is filled with ambiguity and revolves around a woman stealing another mans wife is highly bizarre (Farwell 187). Explaining Emma’s character, Laurence porter writes, â€Å"Naomi Schor described Emma as a woman who desired to break the chain of passive femininity but who fails to accede to the phallic writing state. Roger Huss centers similarly on the impossibility of Emma’s incorporation of the masculine, the impossibility of gender plentitude, and the problem of the different itself. † (Porter 125). In a world where men ruled supreme, Emma’s charm stemmed from her education which had taken away some parts of her femininity because of the knowledge she had gained. She was now a part of the male world whether anyone admitted her into that world or not was not even a question. In the same way as the protagonist in â€Å"Written on the body,† who, if indeed a lesbian, failed to separate herself from the masculine side of her personality, and if a man, fell short of acting like the traditional Alpha. Another comparison could be the ideology of love and in fact the myth of romance. The protagonists of both novels have a very cliched understanding of love. They are deluded with their preconceived notions about love and how it is meant to play out in their lives. Emma becomes depressed with her life and her marriage because of this very fact. The narrator in ‘Written on the body’ also feels the same, which is reflected in the following words, â€Å"I was trapped in a cliche every bit as redundant as my parents’ roses round the door, I was looking for the perfect coupling, the never-sleep-non-stop mighty orgasm. Ecstasy without end. I was deep in the slop-bucket of romance,† (Written on the body 21). They are both looking for something which is basically too idealistic and utopian in nature to really exist. One more front on which both the novels collide is adultery. Both the protagonists wholeheartedly indulge. Emma does it by cheating on her husband not once but twice. She craves the kind of love that she had read about in her books and goes around looking for it till she finds it in Leon and Rodolphe. Winterson’s character is also infatuated with the idea of love and goes looking for it in the arms of another man’s wife. There seems to be nothing that can stop the two and their own selfish motives are the only ones they care about. The character in ‘Written on the body’ seems to be a narcissist who cares for no one but him/herself. Emma is indeed selfish in the same way because she cares only for her own self-satisfaction and disregards the pain she could cause her husband when she finds out about her affairs. Madame Bovary reflects the 19th century French society, while Winterson’s expose is from more recent times. What the works show us is that sexuality and gender have been conflicted since a long time and continue to stay so. Society will always gape and be appalled at such pieces of literature because they go against the dead rules that have been constructed for the existence of mankind. Traditionally men and women have both been assigned their places in the world and those places are not to be tampered with; one of the most sensitive areas one can go experimenting with is sexuality. In some ways both works reflect how anyone from a particular gender cannot stay happy once it has tasted the waters from the other side. The knowledge of the other side gives them an insane desire to climb onto it repeatedly, thereby causing friction and in fact a chaotic contradiction the roles that society had already laid out for them. Work Cited Farwell, Marilyn R: Heterosexual Plots and Lesbian Narratives: 1996 Flaubert, Gustave: Madame Bovary: 2004 Maynard, Mary Purvis, June: Hetero) sexual Politics: 1995 Porter, Laurence M: A Gustave Flaubert encyclopaedia: 2001 Sonnenberg: Body Image and Identity in Jeanette Wintersons Written on the Body†: 2007 Winterson, Jeanette: Written on the Body: 1994

Macbeth?s Supernatural Scenes Explained Essay -- essays research paper

Macbeth’s supernatural scenes explained   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today’s rational and scientifically explainable world, it would be hard for us to believe in supernatural intervention in our every day lives unlike during the times of the Shakespearean plays. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, there are three examples of this kind of thing: one with the witches, one with a ghost of a best friend, and one with the a few apparitions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first nonrational scene three old dirty hags (witches) are discussing where they should meet Macbeth to persuade him into thinking he should be the nest king. When Macbeth finally meets the three witches on the heath like they had planed, him and his best friend Banquo are there. The witches kno...

‘A Taste of Honey’- Improvements

During the rehearsal period before our short performances of ‘A Taste of Honey’, each actor improved all aspects of their performance, from the interpretation to their proxemics on stage. This was due to our intense rehearsal period where we developed our own acting skills as well as our way of interpreting characters. One of the issues I faced whilst playing Geoff was how best to convey his love and caring toward Jo. Because this is a core and essential part of his character, I felt that I had to work on this part of Geoff more than other parts. To achieve this, I worked closely with Poppy (who played the character of Jo) to perfect the scene which opens the piece we were performing, because this is the biggest chance we had to express Geoff’s feeling toward Jo whilst Helen is not in the scene. I included more gestures to show my feelings, such as stroking Jo’s shoulder and helping her up as she is pregnant- these worked together to show that my character cares immensely for Jo. In turn, several techniques helped me to perfect my interpretation. A strategy that I found extremely helpful was called ‘Reflection in Role’; during this process I was asked questions about my character directly after the scene had finished so that I would still be in role and have the feelings of the character fresh in my head. This technique helped to establish a relationship between our characters and develop our understanding of the Human Context. The next strategy which we used is called ‘Hot Seat’ which involved sitting in a chair in front on the class- in character- and being asked questions by the audience about feelings, relationships or statuses within the scene. This helped us to develop a deeper understanding of our character. Furthermore, one of the most common issues within our class was that our dialogue and the delivery of it didn’t sound believable in the ‘Kitchen-Sink’ context. The style of the piece was naturalistic which meant that our actions and the way we said our dialogue had to reflect this. An example of this is, during the fight scene, our lines had to overlap because this would be what would happen in a real fight- we had to make it seem like our lines were unscripted. Repetition of the scene helped us to familiarise ourselves with individual cues, certain moves between characters and being careful not to block each other- this was especially apparent in the scene where Helen is parading across the floor space and steps in front of Jo and Geoff quite often. To perfect the timing of this scene we practised it lots of times, as the repetition helped us to remember and time the section perfectly. Other techniques that we used included going through the scene without stopping- even if we did make mistakes- because this would highlight which areas we needed to improve. Because of the realism theme, everything had to feel as if it was happening for the first time. This was unusual for me, because I am used to each of my lines being heavily rehearsed and sound it. However, in ‘A Taste of Honey’ I had to act as if it was the first time that I had said it- and react accordingly. I found this particularly hard with the line: â€Å"Don’t tell her I came for you,† because I had rehearsed it so much that it had started to sound as if it wasn’t important to the scene- which it was. I improved this by changing the tone of my voice each time I said it, so that it would sound more genuine. In turn, these techniques also helped our next dilemma in rehearsing which were our positions on stage. Before we practised in front of an audience, our scene was using far too much space on stage; we improved this by restricting the amount of room we could use as a performing area. Our group also decided to experiment with different proxemics, so that we could show relationships and the interest and focus of the characters just by the positioning on stage. We also found that we often blocked each other on stage- especially during the fight scene- which would distract from the main action. This was easily corrected, however, and we were able to not upstage each other by our recorded concluding performance. Also, a common problem that some groups faced was that they forgot about their audience and played their character too much in profile so a lot of facial expressions were missed. This was fixed by remembering that the audience are the most important part of the theatre- if they were not there, there would be no theatre! The final obstacle that we faced as a group in our rehearsal period was how to vary the dynamics during the performance. As, during the scene, we are supposed to convey a variety of emotions to the audience we had to include different dynamics. To achieve this, our group experimented with different paces- especially during the argument section. We experimented with different pauses in places where they felt necessary to let the emotions of the scene process with the audience and to dramatize the moment. In each scene that required it, lines would be read at a fast pace, very quickly as to heighten the audience’s emotions and keep them on ‘the edge-of-their-seat’. In contrast, some of the scene was improved so that it was much slower than the rest of the piece. This would add tension to the scene (especially when Helen and Jo are discussing their futures) and would juxtapose the fight section. This would also create a stronger effect as it shows that Helen does truly care about her daughter but doesn’t know how to show or prove it. Before our rehearsal period our characters were very one-dimensional and ‘flat’, but after practising, interpreting, and getting used to our characters we were able to make them a lot more two-dimensional and more interesting to watch during a performance

The Cockroach

The poem â€Å"The cockroach†, written by Kevin Halligan, is a meaningful and interesting poem. As a Buddhist convert, the poet has use the journey of the cockroach to describe many aspects of human life. Initially, Halligan presents human life as joyful and excited in the childhood . A good illustration of this when Halligan uses the phrases â€Å"skirting a ball of dust†, â€Å"satisfied† and â€Å"start to pace† to present it. As we all know, the cockroach represent humanity and his journey is an extended metaphor for human life.So from that point of view, we should understand that when the cockroach â€Å"start to pace† is when the human life starts. In childhood, we can have fun by do meaningless things with no specific goal just like the cockroach â€Å"skirt [‘s] a ball of dust† and â€Å"satisfy† with that game. Children have their parental protection and they have nothing to worry about. Life was so easy, innocent and re laxed at that period of life. For the rest of the poem – which also represents the rest of the life time – we cannot see other words that use to describe the positive feelings of the cockroach.So maybe for Halligan, childhood was the most unaware stage of the entire human life. And through the poem, the readers can feel that this stage was short-lived. Secondly, Halligan shows that after childhood, life only remain with many dramas and tough decision. For example, the poet describe that on the cockroach’s journey, he â€Å"jog [‘s] in crooked ring†, and â€Å"scratch his wings† as he’s a â€Å"victim of a mild attack†. This show that sometimes in their life, humans lose their goal, lost their direction or met a drama that they don’t know what to do next but â€Å"circling the rusty table† – just like the cockroach.And a result of the loss of direction, the cockroach â€Å"scratch [‘es] his wings†, this is similar with how drama leave us with a bad mental health. Yet in life, we have to face a lot of drama and different kind of it. We can have drama like broken heart, the loss of a relative, failure in career†¦ Day after day, we cannot get rid of the depression it cause and the â€Å"restlessness that worsened over time†. Life after childhood continues but with more problems, and we cannot go through it easily . Human can get lost and they cannot get out of their own dramas . The persona now portrays human life as difficult and full of crises.

CO2 In The Atmosphere essays

CO2 In The Atmosphere essays Carbon dioxide has been rising in the atmosphere throughout time. Recently though, the levels of carbon dioxide have been increasing at a more alarming rate. The cause of this is a direct result of mans burning of fossil fuels. We know that every action we make, as humans, will have some effect on the environment around us and those effects can be either good or bad. The rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may potentially inflict some negative effects on our environment. The termed used to describe the rise in CO2 in the atmosphere is the greenhouse effect. Major greenhouse gasses include carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane. Greenhouse gasses collect in the atmosphere and trap solar radiation within the atmosphere. Therefore as the level of CO2 raises the amount of collected solar radiation will increase as well. There is a direct correlation with the rise in CO2 in the atmosphere and the rise of the global temperature. When man burns fossil fuels such as coal or petroleum, CO2 is released into the atmosphere. Another problem is large-scale deforestation, especially in the tropics, is reducing the most effective natural CO2 removal process. (Craig 1996, p.9). The increase in CO2 has the potential to set off a chain of events that could have a severe impact on our environment. First the increased CO2 causes an increase in the collection of solar radiation. The rise in temperature could cause the polar ice to melt causing sea levels to rise. The increase in temperature could also cause the cold water in the oceans to expand, which could have a great effect on shorelines. Other problems caused by the increase in temperature could be changes in the growing seasons of plants, or it could even change the patterns of rainfall. The major fear of global warming is massive flooding which will devastate low lying areas of the earth. (Global Warming) ...

Pander Code

Pander Code Pander Code Pander Code By Maeve Maddox A word that jumps incessantly out of newspapers, magazines, and the mouths of political pundits these days is some form of pander. Its especially popular as a headline word: Florida Gov. Charlie Crist pandering to get vice presidential nod Speech doesnt pander; does it explain? Pander and Run POLL-VERIZED ELIOT SHIFTS INTO PANDER GEAR How Can Hillary Out-Pander Obama? John McCain, Pander Bear So where did this word come from and what does it mean? To begin with, pander was another word for pimp. Pandare was a character in a poem about the Trojan War written by Italian Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375). English poet Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343-1400) used the character in his long poem Troilus and Criseyde. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) used the character in his play Troilus and Cressida. Pandare was a pimp. In all the stories he is responsible for hooking Creseyde (Cressida) up with another lover after she has sworn to be faithful forever to Troilus. Pandare evolved into the eponym pander with the meaning of arranger of sexual liaisons, one who supplies another with the means of gratifying lust, procurer, pimp. The verb meaning to indulge, to minister to base passions is first recorded in 1602. Presumably this is the meaning with which the word is used in all these political references. Originally, the noun pander was sufficient as the word for one who did such things: Fie, sir! Will you be your own daughters pander?! Now, however, because the form of the verb is pander, American speakers have added the agent suffix -er to create the noun panderer. Here are some recent uses of this family of words: All politicians pander, and some are much better at it than others. Obama is particularly good at pandering, in part because hes skilled enough to not look obvious while doing it, but also because he does a very deft job of mixing in some uncomfortable truths (albeit with a very soft edge) to different groups while in the process of telling them things they want to hear. Real Clear Politics Many politicians pander, as Edwards does with gusto, to Americans current penchant for self-pity. Hence the incessant talk about the forgotten middle class. Because such talk is incessant, it of course refutes itself. George Will When politicians pander by creating artificial markets and then use financial incentives such as tax breaks to turn their exquisite wisdom into self-fulfilling prophecy risk is buried under a pile of manure. Pittsburgh-Tribune Review In his show of May 5, 2008, Jon Stewart mocks candidates Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton for shamelessly pandering to North Carolina and Indiana voters before the primaries. Playing on the story of Pandoras Box, the accompanying graphics label the segment Panderers Box. Obamas pandering takes the form of playing impromptu basketball in his shirtsleeves, while Clinton associates herself with NASCAR and falls into a southern regional accent. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" Loan, Lend, Loaned, LentTypes of Plots

Business Strategy. (Tesla Motors, Kellogg's Efficiency) Assignment

Business Strategy. (Tesla Motors, Kellogg's Efficiency) - Assignment Example The mission statement focused on achievement of growth by offering better services to customers and actively catering for the needs of its stakeholders. In order to formulate its strategy properly, the firm had to identify the expectations of stakeholders like customers, employees and shareholders. Afterwards, it had to analyse its current performance in regards to service delivery, corporate social responsibility, and profitability. Finally, a company strategy was defined on what the firm needed to have achieved in order to close the performance gap (Ketokivi and Castaà ±er, 2004: 360). In order to achieve its objectives, the company needed a plan, most of which involved strengthening the core competencies and correcting the mistakes the firm had been making in regards to quality service delivery. For instance, Kellogg's is excellent at keeping injury levels among its employees at their lowest levels; therefore, all the firm did was to establish targets to act as benchmarks for its facilities. The facilities used this benchmark in order to be recognized as the safest, and the firm benefitted in the form of increased employee satisfaction, low turnover, higher productivity, revenue and profits, and a competitive edge for the firm over the years (Ketokivi and Castaà ±er, 2004: 360). ... For instance, Kellogg's worked with the supermarket chain in order to capture the market share of customers that seek to obtain all their shopping from one location. Moreover, the firm had responsible corporate social responsibility in its strategic plan to ensure that all its activities are geared towards achieving long-term and short-term goals. For instance, it sponsored community-based events that promote physical activities among customers and members of the public. In addition, all its product packaging has information on the products and the recommended daily intake for various nutrients. By doing so, Kellogg's showed its customers that their welfare comes first, even if it means having them to reduce the amount of products they would otherwise have bought without using the guidelines on the labels (Oliveira-Castro et al., 2008: 454). Analysis of Tesla Motors The firm aims at producing fully electric motor vehicles for use by low and middle-income earners. However, due to the high costs of production, and lack of large-scale production infrastructure to enable large scale production the firm may not achieve its objective. Production of cars is a costly venture, and considering the lack of resources at Tesla, the dream of a fully electric vehicle for family, government and other clients may never be achieved. Contrary to expectation, the management of the firm has a strategic plan in place that aims at achieving this vision by, primarily by driving the firm into mass production to enable it to enjoy the economies of scale of doing business in bulk (Schroder, 2009). Tesla’s strategy is to attract public interest,

Riordian Manufactoring Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Riordian Manufactoring Paper - Essay Example The Material Resource Planning (MRP) would consider the kind of materials that would need to be needed and used in the manufacturing process. In the context of Riordian, it is seen that the following are the main kinds of materials/utilities used in production. The various components forming part of the finished products, viz. fans, are molded and assembled and fitted together by Chinese workforce. Any excess plastics are sheared off using shearing machines. The finished products, inspected and certified by R&D are next sent for packing .Next, they are individually packed in plastic films with placed into boxes with generous amount of packing straw in order to avoid transit damages. A bar code identifying the recipient of the product is sprayed onto the box using ink. The bar code would provide full profile details of the product specifications inside the box, in order to tackle any issues that arise later. The box is then placed through a system of conveyor belts that separates the box by its destination and conveys it to the appropriate section of the loading dock, so it is ready to be loaded onto a professional commercial carrier for onward transmission. It is believed that use of RFID technology in the materials handling department could, to a large extent, solve the present issues that perturb the production team. This could keep track of various materials that are being used and their movements in the production process. It is also seen that nowadays the production of electric fans follows discrete, and separate processes, because of which there is considerable time lay between placing of items required for production and receipt of such critical production items. Therefore, it is necessary that new process introduces Just in Time methods, which could reduce issues connected with Inventory and stock controls. Since fan manufacturing is a process industry where materials move through various

The key factors influence the success of an international strategic Essay

The key factors influence the success of an international strategic alliance - Essay Example Unlike other kinds of associations such as mergers and acquisitions, company hierarchy frequently times allows for evaluation after entering into such deals. More often, when strategic alliance performance does not constitute monetary gains but merely other benefits, this proves hard to quantify as success it is based upon intangible criterion rather than stable financial growth procedures. Alliance goals and objectives from case studies often fluctuate considerably from the originally penned down deals and as such more difficult to define. These shortcomings are merely challenges and if handled effectively they will result in the success of an alliance; however, the four key factors are primal to success of any alliance. Introduction Rakowski and Patz (2009, p.5) defines Strategic alliance as a cooperative arrangement between two or more companies to achieve a shared goals, so that each reimbursements from the powers of the other, and gains reasonable lead. Most literature identifie s two categories of strategic alliances; those that are equity based and the non-equity based. Those that are based on equity include minority stock investments, joint ventures, to the furthest end majority investments. However, the non-equity based alliances are purely based on contractual agreements that spell out the relationships between the parties. In these arrangements the different parties to such agreements do not lose their independence and their autonomy with the regards to operations, however, the alliance do have an impact on their operations (Singh and Delios 2012, p.196). The emergence of strategic alliances has been seen as a reaction to globalization Vaidya (2006, p.256) insist that it is one of the most significant impacts of globalisation in the last 3 and a half decade coupled with the integration of markets and the increasing uncertainty and complexity in the business environment. Strategic alliances entail sharing of techniques and knowledge between parties inv olved plus schemes that involve the decrease of risks and expenses in areas such as relationships with suppliers and the development of new products and technologies. Strategic alliance has often been discussed within the realms of a joint venture, as it at times involves rivals, however more often it has a shorter lifespan than the former. Strategic partnership is a closely related concept, this paper explores the key factors influencing the success of international strategic alliances, through a two case study analysis. It is often stated that to understand the key reasons of the success, then it is imperative to grasp the rationale behind strategic alliances. The paper unearths that success depends on the levels of trust, communication, commitment and collaboration deciphering between the parties. For these factors above to flow seamlessly, the parties to the strategic alliance must have a fit with respect to alliance goals and objectives (Cullen and Parboteeah2013, p.315) its me chanics of operation and the performance evaluation criteria. Ogbor (2009, p.372) asserts that any company willing to enter into alliance with another party must look out for compatible goals; and complimentary capabilities. Globalization and Strategic Alliance With the proliferation of globalization and incorporation of markets into an international market,

The Rights of Animals Essay Example for Free

The Rights of Animals Essay When we say that all human beings, referring to both men and women, whatever their race or sex may be are created equal, what is it that we are actually proclaiming? Peter Singer, writer of â€Å"All Animals are Equal† aims to advocate to us as readers to make the mental switch in respect to our attitudes toward a species other than our own. And by this I am referring to animals. R.G Frey takes on a very different position that he expresses in â€Å"Moral Standing, the Value of Lives, and Specieism. † Although there is nothing in his work that has ever suggested that animals don’t count, he disagrees with Singer, in a way, because he does not believe that animals possess moral standing. But first, I would like to discuss Singer’s essay merely due to the fact that there may be a case for a new liberation movement. Singer â€Å"urges that we extend to other species the basic principle of equality that most of us recognize should be extended to all members of our own species (pg. 171).† Many may note or make the connection that the idea of â€Å"the rights of animals† is somewhat of a parody to the case for women’s rights. But some may argue that the case for equality between men and women cannot validly be extended to non-human animals because, for an example, and realistically speaking, women now have the right to vote because they are just as capable of making that decision like men are, whereas animals on the other hand are incapable of understanding the significance of voting so they cannot have that right. Which then brings me back to, what exactly are we declaring when we say all human beings are equal? Because as we know it, we must face the fact that humans come in different shapes and sizes. We each have different moral capacities, different intellectual abilities, different amounts of feeling and sensitivity to others, different abilities to communicate, and different capacities to experience pleasure and pain- all of which are examples Singer discusses. And as a result, if the demand for equality were merely based on the actual equality of human beings, we would have to stop demanding it. â€Å"It would be an unjustifiable demand. (pg. 173)† states Singer. It is unjustifiable to discriminate on the basis of age, sex, or gender because neither of those are a guide to a person’s ability. Singer proposes another important reason as to why we ought not to base our opposition on any kind of factual equality because, â€Å"we can have no guarantee that these abilities an d capacities really are distributed evenly, without regard to race or sex, among human beings (pg. 173).† The most important thing we must consider is that equality is a moral ideal, not a simple assertion of fact. â€Å"The principle of the equality of human beings is not a description of an alleged actual equality among humans: it is a prescription of how we should treat animals (pg. 174).† I strongly agree with Singer here; animals have the capacity to experience pain and suffering just as humans do. Therefore the interests of every being that is being affected by an action should be taken into account and given the same weight as the interests of any other beings, such as animals. At this point, Singer expresses animal testing as what should be a major concern in our society. Singer states that it is simple discrimination. He uses an orphaned human infant for comparison, by suggesting that if the experimenter is not prepared to use this human over his readiness to use a nonhuman being, it is simply a form of discrimination. As far as we can tell, an animal is just as sensitive to pain and any human infant. â€Å"Experimenting on animals, and eating their flesh, are perhaps the two major forms of specieism in our society (pg. 176).† Animals have emotions and desires that allow them to live a good life whether we think so or not. And to that respect, the distinction between humans and animals will be a continuum in which we will move gradually. Frey, on the other hand, has a very different standing on this issue compared to Singer. Frey focuses his essay on the comparative value of human and animal life, taking the notion of autonomy to be central to this issue since autonomy is the source of a huge part of the value of one’s life. ‘Thus, I [Singer] am a restricted vivisectionist, not because I think animals are outside the moral community but because of views I hold about the value of their lives (pg. 193).† The three propositions Frey mentions in his essay are that animal life has some value, not all animal life has the same value, and lastly, human life is more valuable than animal life. Frey calls this claim of the comparative value between human and animal life the unequal value thesis. The unequal value thesis expresses why the value of humans is of more importance than the value of animals. What is missing is the potentiality for enrichment, because lives of less richness have less value. Autonomy plays a vast part of the human case, because by exercising our autonomy one can mold their life to fit the conception our society portrays of what is perceived to be living â€Å"the good life.† â€Å"Thus, by exercising our autonomy and trying to live out some conception of how we want to live, we make possible further, important dimensions of value to our lives (pg. 196).† Although Frey does mention that not all members of the moral community have lives of equal value. In fact, some human lives fall drastically below the quality of normal human life, which would conclude that in some cases a perfectly healthy animal can have a higher quality of life than that of some human, such as ones with mental disabilities for example. But Frey addresses to his readers that the way in which we defend this thesis is a vitally important affair. To discuss the issue of using animals in scientific research as Singer did, he remains a vivisectionist because of the benefits medical and scientific research can present. And it is the unequal value thesis that justifies the use of animals in medical and scientific research. Frey believes that the unequal value thesis is in fact defensible. In conclusion, Frey stresses again that the argument of his essay is not to present animals of having no value, but rather about whether they have lives of equal value to normal human life. Overall, both writers express that animals for in fact have some value to their lives, whether we believe it to be of equal value to humans or of less value is based purely on our moral principles. Works Cited: Lafollette, Hugh, ed. Ethics in Practice. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. Print Frey, R.G. â€Å"Moral Standing, the Value of Lives, and Speciesism.† Lafollette 192-204. Singer, Peter. â€Å"All Animals Are Equal.† Lafollette 171-180.

Monster Mergers :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Monster Mergers About three decades ago, school boards in the state of Pennsylvania decided that bigger was better. These short-sighted members looked at school districts merging throughout the country and deduced they should join the parade. How could they be so naive not to see the damage and havoc that would be left in the wake of these giant jointures. Wyoming Valley West, Nanticoke Area, Hanover Area, Coughlin, and even the parochial Bishop Hoban, are responsible for killing a magnificent community spirit as well as extinguishing all chances of fervent rivalries. The consolidation of small town schools has deprived once proud individuals of a sense of community, tradition and memories. School boards have to be more sensitive to the needs of their constituents. A change in the board members or the school board system itself is necessary. Careful planning, unlike the school boards' decisions, is essential in changing an archaic system. A Task Force of School Governance commissioned by the Twentieth Century Firms, concluded, "The hallmark of American education for over 150 years has been the local school board, and nothing would be gained by shifting to a totally new system," (25). A revamping of decision making is needed to prevent the disasters of the 60's and 70's. Kirst states, "Rethinking and revamping the role of the school board are necessary in this altered policy context," (38). The school board points an accusing finger at the state government. Dwight W. Allen supports the stand by contending that the state makes the major decisions such as how many days of school in a year and who could attend regardless of how the towns feel about the issue (44). Our loca l school boards should care how we feel. They should be our champions. Instead, they buckle to state and federal educational fads. School boards actions affect not just the students, but each and every member of the community. "Since 80 percent of the taxpayers in some suburban areas and more than 50 percent of the taxpayers in most communities do not have children in school, it is essential to keep the community informed and involved in the schools" (Becthol 327). This type of communication should have been in place before school boards smashed small schools into an academic collage. School activities such as theatrical dramas, uplifting musicals, and nail bitting sporting events, once a staple for the community, are now absent.

English Composition Essay

There are mixed reviews on online studying. During my research for articles on this subject, I found that more people are choosing online education instead of being in the traditional classroom setting. This appears to be a trend that in the eyes of some people will gain ground on classroom learning. Earning a college degree online will benefit mainly people with full time jobs. As Jessica Groach-Santina views it, â€Å"This form of education, will allow you to learn on your own schedule, put the skills you need directly into practice on the job and give you the valuable technical knowledge that employers are seeking†. Steve Lohr wrote in one of his many articles, â€Å"online education is providing learning experiences that are more tailored to individual students than is possible in the classroom. † The Department of Education performed a study last year and found students that did some or all of their courses online ranked higher in test performance than average classroom students. Steve Lohr wrote in his article, Online Education Beats the Classroom that â€Å"over the next few years, online education will expand sharply as evidence mounts of its value†. Philip R. Regier, the Dean of Arizona State University, also feels within the next three to five years the online studies will triple. Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, also feels more people will be taking classes online. In one of Steve Lohr’s most recent articles titled â€Å"Second Thoughts on Online Education† he back- tracked on some of the earlier statements he made, â€Å"A rush to online education may come at more of a cost than educators may suspect. † After more research concerning online education was conducted by the National Science Foundation and the Education Department, one study showed Hispanics and males did notably worse online. David Figlio, an economist at Northwestern University believes, the reason for the poor grades by these groups, was that males were more than likely waiting until the last minute to do their assignments. They were also putting off viewing lectures and cramming their studies before a test. Another issue could be that English is a second language for some Hispanic men. I understand there are positives and negatives with almost everything one sets out to accomplish. The key to success is, no matter what you set out to achieve, it will take hard work. This is my first time taking courses online and I know it will be as challenging as sitting in a classroom. However, it’s more convenient than going to a class at a certain time and I also get to work at my own pace, to a certain extent. Work Cited MLA: Groach-Santina Jessica. â€Å"The Value Of An Online Degree. † 10 September 2010. 29 September 2010 http://www. online-education. net/articles/general/securing-a-better-future. html MLA: Lohr Steven. â€Å"Study Finds That Online Education Beats The Classroom†. 19 August 2009. 29 September 2010 http://www. bits. blogs. nytimes. com/2009/08/19/study-finds-that-online-education-beats-the-class†¦ MLA: Lohr Steven. â€Å"Second Thoughts On Online Education†. 8 September 2010. 29 September 2010 http://www. bits. blogs. nytimes. com/2010/09/08/second-thoughts-on-online-education/? scp+1&sq

Pregnancy and Briefly Informs Jessica Essay

Jessica is a 30-year-old immigrant from Mexico City. She and her husband Marco have been in the U.S. for the last 3 years and have finally earned enough money to move out of their Aunt Maria’s home and into an apartment of their own. They are both hard workers. Jessica works 50 hours a week at a local restaurant, and Marco has been contracting side jobs in construction. Six months before their move to an apartment, Jessica finds out she is pregnant. Four months later, Jessica and Marco arrive at the county hospital, a large, public, nonteaching hospital. A preliminary ultrasound indicates a possible abnormality with the fetus. Further scans are conducted and it is determined that the fetus has a rare condition in which it has not developed any arms, and will not likely develop them. There is also a 25% chance that the fetus may have Down syndrome. Dr. Wilson, the primary attending physician is seeing Jessica for the first time, since she and Marco did not receive earlier prenatal care over concerns about finances. Marco insists that Dr. Wilson refrain from telling Jessica the scan results, assuring him that he will tell his wife himself when she is emotionally ready for the news. While Marco and Dr. Wilson are talking in another room, Aunt Maria walks into the room with a distressed look on her face. She can tell that something is wrong and inquires of Dr. Wilson. After hearing of the diagnosis, she walks out of the room wailing loudly and praying out loud. Marco and Dr. Wilson continue their discussion, and Dr. Wilson insists that he has an obligation to Jessica as his patient and that she has a right to know the diagnosis of the fetus. He furthermore is intent on discussing all relevant factors and options regarding the next step, including abortion. Marco insists on taking some time to think of how to break the news to Jessica, but Dr. Wilson, frustrated with the direction of the conversation, informs the husband that such a choice is not his to make. Dr. Wilson proceeds back across the hall, where he walks in on Aunt Maria awkwardly praying with Jessica and phoning the priest. At that point, Dr. Wilson gently but briefly informs Jessica of the diagnosis, and lays out the option for abortion as a responsible medical alternative, given the quality of life such a child would have. Jessica looks at him and struggles to hold back her tears.

Psychology-case studies essays

Psychology-case studies essays Yes, the skills and experience that come with age dont count for much because that is not what a company is looking for anymore. A company is looking for potential and street smarts instead of experience and wisdom. Age stereotypes in this article are that a forty-eight year old worker cannot do as much as a twenty-eight year old worker. It is not the case. Just because a twenty-eight year old worker will work 70 hours a week, doesnt mean the older worker cant do the same thing in a smaller amount of time due to his experience. People do not think that Debbie Brown is capable of doing what the future requires, so she most likely will not be able to because of a lack of support. Debbie and Toms causes of layoff are seen as internal factors, a low ability to keep up with a changing work environment, and also psychological factors expectancy of future success is very small, self-esteem is sure to fall, pride suffers, and shame comes into play. No I dont agree with the rational of employers and companies. If that is the way it is going to be in the future where are these 40 year olds going to go? There is nowhere. They cant be hired, there are no decent jobs for them to get, and they have families, bills, and responsibilities. If I were to give advice to some one who was in their 20s I would say to keep going to school, find a trade, or a skill that no one can take away from you. If I were giving advice to someone in their 40s I would tell them to hold on loosely but dont let go. ...

Clausal Structure in English essay part 2

Clausal Structure in English essay part 2 Clausal Structure in English essay part 2 Clausal Structure in English essay part 2Clausal Structure in English essay part  1Adverbial clausesAdverbial clauses are clauses introduced by a subordinating conjunction, which explains the adverbial meaning of the clause. Conjunctions used in adverbial clause are as follows: when/before/after/while (time); because/since (reason); if/unless/lest (condition), etc. For exampleWhen your work day is over, you may go home.I cannot send you emails because I prefer using Skype.Unless you work hard, you will succeed in your life.At the same time, there are minor types of adverbial clause, which are inf. and -ing clauses:Inf. clause: I went to the bus stop to take the bus back home. (Clause introduced by to + infinitive).-ing clause: Jack lost his wallet while fighting. (Clause introduced by present participle).Types of adverbial clauses:Adverbial clauses may be time clauses, which use time-related conjunctions, such as when, whenever, before, after, since, while, as, until, once, as soon as. These clauses are used with regard to a specific period of time or to an event that occurs in the specific moment. For example, She started her career when she was a student. In addition, adverbial clauses are used in the following cases: before +-ing after +subject+verb For example: Before buying this car, make sure it is new. Tom left the house before Jane had realized what was going on.Conditional clauses involve the use of conjunctions, which indicate to the presence of certain condition or conditions, including the following conjunctions: if, unless, whether, provided/-ing (that)†¦, as/so long as, in case. Conditional clauses are used to describe a possible situation and its effects. For example: If they practice sport, they will be in the excellent physical shape.Adjectival clausesOne of the most widely-spread types of adjectival clauses is the relative clause, introduced by such relative pronouns as who, whom, whose, that, or which. For example:Here is the ma (whom) I saw last night, when the murder occurred.This is the car (which) I am using to get to my work.The movie (that) I most enjoy is American Beauty.At the same time, there are two types of adjectival clause which occur very seldom, which are -ing and -ed clauses.-ing clause: The train now standing at platform two is the 2.30 p.m. to New York.-ed clause: He is the pop star pursued by paparazzi.At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that past participles do not all end in –ed. This is why other verb forms are used in such clauses. For example: The movie watched by the audience or the exam taken by the students.Furthermore, the transition from coordination to subordination may occur in adjectival clauses. Using adjectival clause it is possible to combine these two sentences:The national speed limit was repealed.Road accidents have increased sharply.One possible way to coordinate these two sentences is as followsThe national speed limit was repealed and road accidents have increased sharply. Coordination with the help of the conjunction ‘and’ allows connecting the two main clauses. On the other hand, such coordination does not clearly identify the relationship between the ideas in those clauses. Therefore, if it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the two ideas in the given example, it is necessary to change the first main clause into an adverb clause, for example:Since the national speed limit was repealed, road accidents have increased sharply.The adverbial clause indicates to the time relationship between two ideas of the sentence. By changing the first word in the adverb clause, which is called a subordinating conjunction, it is possible to establish a different relationship, for instance, the relationship of cause: Because the national speed limit was repealed, road accidents have increased sharply. However, it is worth mentioning the fact that an adverb clause, like an adjective clause, contains its own subject and pred icate, but it must be subordinated to a main clause to make sense.Furthermore, purpose clauses are clauses that use conjunctions or (finales) = subject. As a rule, the following conjunctions are used to convey the purpose: in order to, so as to (in order not to , so as not to) // subject: so that + can/will, so that + could/would, for fear that. These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action. For example: The police introduced automatic profile processing to identify suspects faster. They had to pass exams successfully so that they could continue their education at the University. The doctor explained the nature of my illness in medical terms so that I wouldn’t understand fully.Another type of adjectival clauses is reason clauses (causales), which use conjunctions that convey the reason of the action or event described in the sentence. The most widely-used reason conjunctions are as follows: because, since, as, (because of + (adj)noun,   due to/owing to+ (ad j)noun). These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something. I couldnt feel anger against him because I liked him too much. Because of the heavy traffic in cities, more people have started taking the train.In addition, there are comparison clauses (comparativas), which use comparative conjunctions, such as: as, than, the + comparative. Comparison clauses are used to compare two or more people, things or facts, for example: I cannot drive a truck as well as I can drive a car. Leila plays tennis better than her sister.Also it is worth mentioning the fact that there are result clauses (consecutivas), which use conjunctions that indicate to the result of the action or event: †¦, so (that)†¦ (Result clauses associated with degree: so + adj/adv + that (tan†¦que†¦) so much + noun(U) + that (tanto/a†¦que†¦) so many + noun(C) + that(tantos/asque†¦) such (a/an/-) + adj+ noun + that. Result clauses are used to indicate the result of something. For ex ample: I had some extra job to do, so that I had no time to call you back. The doctor explained the nature of my illness in medical terms, so that I didn’t understand fully.Furthermore, concessive clauses are another type of adjectival clauses which use concessive conjunctions, such as: although, though, even though, even if, while, whereas(mientras que†¦),   + noun despite + -ing, in spite of the fact that+subj+vb, (however + adj/adv + clause). Concessive clauses are used to communicate the idea of concession, when two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising. For example: I learned hard although I did not have money to continue my education. Although he is a good player, he has no stamina to keep on playing as he used to. In spite of / Despite his age, he kept on working in the construction.Another type of adjectival clauses is place clauses, which use conjunctions indicating to the specific place of action or event described in t he sentence. For example, the following are the most widely-spread place conjunctions: where, wherever. These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something. For example: John believed he can succeed in the new city where he moved to last summer. Wherever she goes, she will always take her ‘lucky’ ring.Furthermore, there are also clauses of manner, which use conjunctions that reflect the manner, in which the action or event is carried out, for example: as, as if, the way, like. Clauses of manner are used to describe someones behavior or the way something is done. For example: I have never had a chance to do the things the way I wanted to do them. Jane did the job as no one has ever expected from her.In such a way, the diverse types of clauses identified by experts involved in the study reveal the clear trend to the close correlation between the main clause and finite or non-finite clause. However, the main clause is independent and may stand alone, while the finite or non-finite clause is coordinated or dependent on the main clause. At the same time, the researchers have proved that the relationships between the main and finite/non-finite clause depends on their function and purpose of the utterance.ConclusionThus, the analysis of the clausal structure in English reveals the fact that the diversity of clauses in English is mainly the result of the different purposes of utterances and the different relationship between the main and finite/non-finite clause. At the same time, the study has revealed the fact that the complex clausal structure depends on several factors, among which the function of the close, the purpose of the utterance and intention of the person making the utterance are key factors that determine the clausal structure.

Definition and Examples of Deep Structure in Grammar

Definition and Examples of Deep Structure in Grammar In transformational and generative grammar, deep structure (also known as  deep grammar  or  D-structure)  is the underlying syntactic structure- or level- of a sentence. In contrast to surface structure (the outward form of a sentence), deep structure is an abstract representation that identifies the ways a sentence can be analyzed and interpreted. Deep structures are generated by phrase-structure rules, and surface structures are derived from deep structures by a series of transformations. In  The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar  (2014), Aarts, Chalker, and Weiner point out that, in a looser sense: deep and surface structure are often used as terms in a simple binary opposition, with the deep structure representing meaning, and the surface structure being the actual sentence we see. The terms deep structure and surface structure were popularized in the 1960s and 70s by American linguist Noam Chomsky, who eventually discarded the concepts in his minimalist program in the 1990s.   Properties of Deep Structure Deep structure  is a level of syntactic representation with a number of properties that need not necessarily go together. Four important properties of deep structure are: Major grammatical relations, such as  subject  of  and  object  of, are defined at deep structure.All  lexical  insertion occurs at deep structure.All transformations occur after deep structure.Semantic  interpretation occurs at deep structure. The question of whether there is a single level of representation with these properties was the most debated question in  generative grammar  following the publication of  Aspects  [of the Theory of Syntax, 1965]. One part of the debate focused on whether transformations preserve meaning.(Alan Garnham,  Psycholinguistics: Central Topics. Psychology Press, 1985) Examples and Observations [Noam] Chomsky had identified a basic grammatical structure in Syntactic Structures [1957] that he referred to as kernel sentences. Reflecting mentalese, kernel sentences were where words and meaning first appeared in the complex cognitive process that resulted in an utterance. In [Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, 1965], Chomsky abandoned the notion of kernel sentences and identified the underlying constituents of sentences as deep structure. The deep structure was versatile insofar as it accounted for meaning and provided the basis for transformations that turned deep structure into surface structure, which represented what we actually hear or read. Transformation rules, therefore, connected deep structure and surface structure, meaning and syntax.(James D. Williams, The Teachers Grammar Book. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1999)[Deep structure is a] representation of the syntax of a sentence distinguished by varying criteria from its surface structure. E.g. in the surface structure of Children are hard to please, the subject is children and the infinitive to please is the complement of hard. But in its deep structure, as it was understood especially in the early 1970s, is hard would have as its subject a subordinate sentence in which children is the object of please: thus, in outline [please children] is hard.(P.H. Matthews, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford University Press, 2007) Evolving Perspectives on Deep Structure The remarkable first chapter of Noam Chomskys Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965) set the agenda for everything that has happened in generative linguistics since. Three theoretical pillars support the enterprise: mentalism, combinatoriality, and acquisition... A fourth major point of Aspects, and the one that attracted most attention from the wider public, concerned the notion of Deep Structure. A basic claim of the 1965 version of generative grammar was that in addition to the surface form of sentences (the form we hear), there is another level of syntactic structure, called Deep Structure, which expresses underlying syntactic regularities of sentences. For instance, a passive sentence like (1a) was claimed to have a Deep Structure in which the noun phrases are in the order of the corresponding active (1b): (1a) The bear was chased by the lion.(1b) The lion chased the bear. Similarly, a question such as (2a) was claimed to have a Deep Structure closely resembling that of the corresponding declarative (2b): (2a) Which martini did Harry drink?(2b) Harry drank that martini. ...Following a hypothesis first proposed by Katz and Postal (1964), Aspects made the striking claim that the relevant level of syntax for determining meaning is Deep Structure. In its weakest version, this claim was only that regularities of meaning are most directly encoded in Deep Structure, and this can be seen in (1) and (2). However, the claim was sometimes taken to imply much more: that Deep Structure is meaning, an interpretation that Chomsky did not at first discourage. And this was the part of generative linguistics that got everyone really excited- for if the techniques of transformational grammar could lead us to meaning, we would be in a position to uncover the nature of human thought... When the dust of the ensuing linguistic wars cleared around 1973 . . ., Chomsky had won (as usual)- but with a twist: he no longer claimed that Deep Structure was the sole level that determines meaning (Chomsky 1972). Then, with the battle over, he turned his attention, not to meaning, but to relatively technical constraints on movement transformations (e.g. Chomsky 1973, 1977).(Ray Jackendoff, Language, Consciousness, Culture: Essays on Mental Structure. MIT Press, 2007) Surface Structure and Deep Structure in a Sentence by Joseph Conrad [Consider] the final sentence of [Joseph Conrads short story] The Secret Sharer: Walking to the taffrail, I was in time to make out, on the very edge of a darkness thrown by a towering black mass like the very gateway of Erebus- yes, I was in time to catch an evanescent glimpse of my white hat left behind to mark the spot where the secret sharer of my cabin and of my thoughts, as though he were my second self, had lowered himself into the water to take his punishment: a free man, a proud swimmer striking out for a new destiny. I hope others will agree that the sentence justly represents its author: that it portrays a mind energetically stretching to subdue a dazzling experience outside the self, in a way that has innumerable counterparts elsewhere. How does scrutiny of the deep structure support this intuition? First, notice a matter of emphasis, of rhetoric. The matrix sentence, which lends a surface form to the whole, is # S # I was in time # S # (repeated twice). The embedded sentences that complete it are I walked to the taffrail, I made out NP, and I caught NP. The point of departure, then, is the narrator himself: where he was, what he did, what he saw. But a glance at the deep structure will explain why one feels a quite different emphasis in the sentence as a whole: seven of the embedded sentences have sharer as grammatical subjects; in another three the subject is a noun linked to sharer by the copula; in two sharer is direct object; and in two more share is the verb. Thus thirteen sentences go to the semantic development of sharer as follows: The secret sharer had lowered the secret sharer into the water.The secret sharer took his punishment.The secret sharer swam.The secret sharer was a swimmer.The swimmer was proud.The swimmer struck out for a new destiny.The secret sharer was a man.The man was free.The secret sharer was my secret self.The secret sharer had (it).(Someone) punished the secret sharer.(Someone) shared my cabin.(Someone) shared my thoughts. In a fundamental way, the sentence is mainly about Leggatt, although the surface structure indicates otherwise... [The] progression in the deep structure rather precisely mirrors both the rhetorical movement of the sentence from the narrator to Leggatt via the hat that links them, and the thematic effect of the sentence, which is to transfer Leggatts experience to the narrator via the narrators vicarious and actual participation in it. Here I shall leave this abbreviated rhetorical analysis, with a cautionary word: I do not mean to suggest that only an examination of deep structure reveals Conrads skillful emphasis- on the contrary, such an examination supports and in a sense explains what any careful reader of the story notices.(Richard M. Ohmann, Literature as Sentences. College English, 1966. Rpt. in Essays in Stylistic Analysis, ed. by Howard S. Babb. Harcourt, 1972)